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Irregular Plurals

This guide explains the rules for forming plural nouns in English, including irregular plurals. Learn how to change most nouns by adding "s," and discover exceptions, such as nouns ending in "s," "x," "z," "ch," "sh," or "y." The guide provides examples for each rule, such as "foxes" for "fox" and "countries" for "country." It also covers special cases, such as nouns ending in "f" or "fe," which change to "v" before adding "es." Mastering these rules will enhance your understanding of English grammar.

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Irregular Plurals

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  1. Irregular Plurals

  2. Form most nouns add “s” book - books idea - ideas student - students camera - cameras shoe - shoes

  3. For nouns ending in s, x, z, ch, or sh, add “es”. • tax – taxes • class - classes • wish – wishes • branch - branches • boss – bosses • fox – foxes

  4. For nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant, change the y to “ie” and add “s”. • country – countries • baby - babies • pony – ponies • family - families

  5. For nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel by adding “s”. • tray – trays • monkey - monkeys

  6. Some nouns ending in f or fe add “s”. For others change the f or fe to “v” and add “es”. • thief – thieves • belief – believes • half - halves

  7. For nouns ending in o preceded by a vowel add “s”. • decoy – decoys • alley - alleys

  8. The plural of many nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant is formed by adding “es”. • hero – heroes • tomato – tomatoes

  9. The plural of a few nouns is formed in irregular ways. • mouse – mice • foot – feet • goose – geese • mother-in-law – mothers-in-law • drive-in – drive-ins • deer – deer • fish - fish

  10. Form plurals of numerals, dates, signs, and words referred to as words by adding “’s”. • 1900 – 1900’s • A – A’s

  11. Directions: Spell the plural form of each of the following nouns. • monkey • trophy • diary • hoof • Sioux • basketball • Japanese • son-in-law • car pool • sit-up

  12. Directions: Spell the plural form of each of the following nouns. • monkeys • trophies • diaries • hooves • Sioux • basketballs • Japanese • sons-in-law • car pools • sit-ups

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