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Cardiovascular System

Explore the intricate anatomy of the heart, the main function of the cardiovascular system, and the pathway of blood through the heart. Learn about the chambers, valves, and circulation loops that facilitate blood transportation. Interactive web activity link provided.

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Cardiovascular System

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  1. Cardiovascular System

  2. Cardiovascular System • Main function: Transportation • Blood = transport vehicle • Heart = pump • Blood vessels = network of tubes

  3. Anatomy of Heart • Size of fist • Weight < 1 lb. • Apex points toward left hip • Flanked by lungs • Surrounded by pericardium (double-walled sac)

  4. Layers of the Heart Wall • Epicardium – outer layer (pericardium) • Myocardium – cardiac muscle • Endocardium – endothelium lines chambers Heart chamber

  5. Heart Chambers • Atrium (R & L): receive blood (entryway) • Ventricle (R & L): pump blood out • Septum: wall between atria & ventricles • Valves: prevent backflow of blood Right Side Left Side

  6. Coronary Circulation Coronary arteries Coronary veins

  7. Heart Valves • Atrioventricular (AV) valves (tricuspid, bicuspid) • Semilunar valves (pulmonary, aortic)

  8. Heart Valves • Chordae tendineae: anchors valve flaps in their closed position

  9. Double Circulation Loop • Pulmonary circuit: blood to/from lungs • Systemic circuit: blood to/from all body tissues

  10. Pathway of blood through heart

  11. Pathway of Blood Through Heart • Systemic and coronary veins • Superior or Inferior vena cava or Coronary sinus (from body to heart) • Right Atrium • 4 Pulmonary veins (lungs to heart) • Left Atrium Mitral (bicuspid) valve • Left Ventricle • Aorta(from heart to body) • Systemic arteries and coronary arteries • Systemic capillaries Tricuspid valve • Right Ventricle: • Pulmonary trunk splits into 2 arteries(to lungs) • Pulmonary capillaries Aortic valve Pulmonary valve

  12. Right Ventricle Left Ventricle • Pulmonary circuit = low pressure • Systemic circuit = high resistance to blood flow • More powerful pump • 3X as thick as right ventricle

  13. Anatomy of the Heart Web Activity http://www.wisc-online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=ap12504

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