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Communism Spreads in East Asia. Chapter 15 Section 3. Communists vs. Nationalists in China. After WWII, Mao Zedong led communist forces to victory over Jiang Jieshi’s Nationalists, who fled to Taiwan Mao began to reshape China’s economy
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Communism Spreads in East Asia Chapter 15 Section 3
Communists vs. Nationalists in China • After WWII, Mao Zedong led communist forces to victory over Jiang Jieshi’s Nationalists, who fled to Taiwan • Mao began to reshape China’s economy • First, he gave land to peasants, but then called for collectivization (similar to Russia under Stalin) • Under this system, Mao moved people from their small villages and individual farms into communes of thousands of people on thousands of acres
Great Leap Forward • Known as the Great Leap Forward, the program was intended to increase farm and industrial production • Instead, it produced low quality, useless goods and less food • Bad weather also affected crops, and many people starved
Cultural Revolution in China • To remove “bourgeois” (middle class) tendencies from China, Mao began the Cultural Revolution • Skilled workers and managers were removed from factories and forced to work on farms or in labor camps • This resulted in a slowed economy and a threat of civil war
China’s Cultural Revolution A poster during the Cultural Revolution. Caption reads : The Chinese People's Liberation Army is the Great School of Mao Zedong Thought
Taiwan vs. ChinaU.S. Relations with China • At first, the United States supported the Nationalist government in Taiwan • The West was concerned that the Soviet Union and China would become allies, but border clashes led the USSR to withdraw aid and advisors from China • U.S. leaders thought that by improving relations with the Chinese, they would further isolate the Soviets • In 1979, the USA established diplomatic relations with China
Taiwan vs. China Nationalists Communist
The Korean Peninsula • Korea was an independent nation until Japan invaded it in WWII • After WWII, American and Soviet forces agreed to divide the Korean Peninsula at the 38th parallel • Kim Il Sung, a communist ruled North Korea • Syngman Rhee, allied with the USA, controlled South Korea
Korean War • In 1950, North Korean troops crossed the 38th parallel and attacked South Korea • The United Nation forces stopped them along a line known as the Pusan Perimeter, then began advancing north • Mao Zedong of China sent troops to help the North Koreans • U.N. forces were pushed back south of the 38th parallel
Armistice in Korea • In 1953, both sides signed an armistice to end the fighting, but troops today remain on both sides of the demilitarized zone (DMZ) • There is no peace treaty between North and South Korea—a state of war technically still exists • Over time, South Korea enjoyed an economic boom and a rise in living standards, while communist North Korea’s economy declined • Many North Koreans have starved to death • Kim Il Sung’s emphasis on self-reliance kept North Korea isolated and poor
Powerpoint Questions (13 points) • 1. Who established Taiwan? • 2. Explain Chinese collectivization. • 3. What was the Great Leap Forward? • 4. Why was the Great Leap Forward a failure? • 5. What was the Cultural Revolution? • 6. Whom did the USA support in the beginning – China or Taiwan? • 7. When did the USA formally recognize mainland China?
Powerpoint Questions (13 points) • 8. Where was Korea divided after WWII? • 9. Who was the leader of South Korea? • 10. Who was the leader of North Korea? • 11. In what year did North Korea invade South Korea? • 12. What country assisted North Korea? • 13. What is the “DMZ”? Where is it located?
