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Overview of the U.S. Supreme Court: Justices, Judicial Review, and Case Process

The U.S. Supreme Court consists of 9 justices, nominated by the President and approved by the Senate, serving for life or until retirement. The Court has the power of judicial review, established in Marbury v. Madison, reviewing the constitutionality of state and federal laws, executive actions, and lower court decisions. Key terms include Writ of Certiorari and Stare Decisis. The annual docket comprises around 8,000 cases, with fewer than 100 heard. Understanding the biographies of the justices provides insights into their conservative or liberal leanings.

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Overview of the U.S. Supreme Court: Justices, Judicial Review, and Case Process

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  1. Supreme Court Oyez! Oyez! Oyez!

  2. Basic Information… • 9 Justices • Nominated by President • Approved by Senate • Hold position for life or until retire

  3. Judicial Review… • Marbury v. Madison • Reviews Constitutionality of: • State and federal legislation • Actions of chief executives • Decisions of other courts

  4. Important Terms… • Writ of Certiorari – formal document from Supreme Court to lower court that calls up a case • Stare Decisis= “let the decision stand” = precedent • Remember: • Majority Opinion • Concurring Opinion • Dissenting Opinion

  5. I will take this case all the way to the Supreme Court … • “Rule of Four” • Annual docket = 8,000 cases • Fewer than 100 heard or reviewed • $300 filing fee • In forma pauperis (exempt from court costs b/c poor) outnumber 3-1 • Quorum = 6

  6. Basic Biographical Information • Review the bios of the nine Supreme Court Justices • Try and determine if the Justice is conservative or liberal

  7. Chief Justice John Roberts • Harvard Law • Law clerk for William Rehnquist • Associate Counsel to Reagan • U.S.Court of Appeals for D.C. • Nominated Chief Justice by Pres. Bush 2005 • Born 1/27/55

  8. Elena Kagan • Harvard Law • Law clerk for Thurgood Marshall • Professor of Law at U. of Chicago Law School • Nominated Associate Justice by Pres. Obama in 2009 • Born 4/28/60

  9. Sonia Sotomayor • Puerto Rican descent • Yale Law • U.S. Court of Appeals Second Circuit • Nominated Associate Justice by Pres. Obama in 2009. • Born 6/25/54

  10. Samuel Alito • Yale Law • U.S. Attorney New Jersey • U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit • Nominated Associate Justice by Pres. Bush 2006 • Born 4/1/50

  11. Stephen Breyer • Harvard Law • Assistant Special Prosecutor of the Watergate Special Prosecution Force • U.S. Court of Appeals First Circuit • Nominated Associate Justice by Pres. Clinton 1994 • Born 8/15/38

  12. Ruth Bader Ginsberg • Harvard and Cornell Law School • Professor at Rutgers, Columbia • 1971 - Launched the Women’s Rights Project of the ACLU • ACLU General Counsel and Board of Directors • Nominated Associate Justice by Pres. Clinton in 1993 • Born 3/15/33

  13. Clarence Thomas • Yale Law • Asst. Attorney General of Missouri • Asst. Sec. for Civil Rights, U.S. Dept. of Ed. • Chairman EEO Commission • Nominated Associate Justice by Pres. Bush 1991 • Born 6/23/48

  14. Anthony Kennedy • Harvard Law • Chaired the Committee on Pacific Territories • U.S. Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit • Nominated Associate Justice by Pres. Reagan 1988 • Born 7/23/36

  15. Antonin Scalia • Harvard Law • Law Professor UVA, Georgetown, Stanford • U.S. Court of Appeals for D.C. • Nominated Associate Justice by Pres. Reagan in 1986 • Born 3/11/36

  16. The Supreme Court Justice Death Calculator (nice.)

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