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Explore Italian Renaissance art, from Medici patronage to detailed depictions influenced by humanism & scientific research. Learn about notable artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Botticelli, Raphael, and Donatello.
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Renaissance Art The Italians
Humanism • Renewed interest in Greek and Roman arts, philosophy, scholarly writing • Encouraged secularism and pursuit of worldly pleasures • Interest in beauty and aesthetics • Individual expression was encouraged
Patronage • Medici family was most well known for their patronage • Church continued to be the greatest patron of the arts • Wealthy patrons commissioned portraits • Served as reminders of their worldly success • Subjects were presented in the most favorable way possible—not always accurately • An honor to be represented as a figure from mythology or the bible • Always shown in contemporary clothing, despite the time period of the artwork
Depictions of Medici Family Adoration of the Magi Sandro Botticelli Journey of the Magi BenozzoGozzoli
Scientific Research • Studies in anatomy contributed to realistic portrayals of the body in art • Studies of classical architecture and sculpture influenced proportion and balance • Perspective and forshortening* were formulated with mathematical precision • *Forshortening—the application of linear perspective to human and other forms to help achieve a dramatic illusion of three-dimensional space
Leonardo da Vinci • The epitome of the “Renaissance man” • Accomplished painter, sculptor, scientist, engineer, poet, architect • Designed public buildings, built dams and canals, invented an aircraft and submarine • Wrote treatises on anatomy, optics, geology, physics, and painting • Studied with Verrocchio in Florence—was introduced to great intellectuals and artists of the time • Worked under the patronage of Ludovico Sforza, duke of Milanand Francis I in France
Ginerva de Benci Mona Lisa
Michelangelo • Painter, architect, and sculptor—identified himself as a sculptor first • Lived most of his life in poverty • His paintings revealed such meticulous attention to the human form that they are referred to as “painted sculpture”
The Last Judgment
Botticelli • Known for his sensitivity for beauty • Created many paintings with mythical themes, later was influenced by Florentine monk Savonarola and turned to religious subjects • Burned some of his paintings on mythical subjects • Was commissioned to paint The Adoration of the Magi by the Church of Santa Maria Novella—featured members of the Medici family • The Birth of Venus remains his most popular work
Raphael • Born into an artistic family • Epitomizes Late Renaissance painting • Was commissioned to provide murals for papal apartments of the Vatican, of which The School of Athens is most famous
Donatello • One of the premiere sculptors of 15th century Florence • His most famous sculpture, David was commissioned by the Medici family • David is a life-sized, youthful figure in bronze • Depicts moment after David slays Goliath • Employs contrapposto—a displacement of the hips and straightening of leg to show weight resting on that leg