1 / 18

Sectoral approaches to climate action: ‘Complementary opportunities or dead end?’

Sectoral approaches to climate action: ‘Complementary opportunities or dead end?’. Business and Industry Global Dialogue 2008 23 October 2008 Richard Baron – IEA. Disclaimer – The views expressed here are the author’s and may not reflect the views of the individual IEA Member countries.

fancy
Télécharger la présentation

Sectoral approaches to climate action: ‘Complementary opportunities or dead end?’

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Sectoral approaches to climate action:‘Complementary opportunities or dead end?’ Business and Industry Global Dialogue 2008 23 October 2008 Richard Baron – IEA Disclaimer – The views expressed here are the author’s and may not reflect the views of the individual IEA Member countries.

  2. Outline • Sectoral approaches: do we have a choice? An illustration. • A look at countries’ recent submissions to the UNFCCC • Questions for debate

  3. Complementary or dead end? Sectoral approaches are likely to be an essential element of future international mitigation efforts  Hence, handle with care

  4. Sectoral approaches: do we have a choice?

  5. Illustration - CO2emissionsin China

  6. Illustration - CO2emissions in India

  7. Electricity (supply and use) should be a priority for action * * * * * Source: IEA(2008), Energy Technology Perspectives 2050.

  8. Why are we, internationally, looking at sectors? • Since Kyoto: from ‘simple’ country caps (-and-trade) to the actual complexity of specific mitigation policies • Whether market-based or else, useful lessons can be drawn from Annex I progress on various policy areas • See G8 best practice work and concrete recommendations on energy efficiency • Most developing countries not ready for country-wide goals – political and capability issues (CBDR/RC) • In the meantime, GHG accumulate • Some will need sector-specific support • Best policy practice and policy design • Training (see Asia-Pacific Partnership on efficiency of existing plants) • Targeted financial support • Carbon market

  9. SA under the UNFCCC at present

  10. Views on SA from submissions • China: no to benchmarks, standards, etc. but calls for larger finance incl. via carbon markets. Review of EST on basis of cost, reliability, obstacles • India: no common standards, cooperative R&D, IPR cost, standards on certain products and practices, voluntary energy efficiency programmes (pledge) • S. Africa: Register of actions. Toolbox of support instruments, SD-PAMs  No-lose • S. Korea: Registry for NAMA (nationally appropriate mitigation actions): crediting to provide finance

  11. UNFCCC submissions (ctd.) • EU: two categories. Sectoral technology and policy cooperation / sectoral approaches w. carbon market (incl. differentiated instruments) • Japan: comparability of efforts / binding sectoral intensity targets for developing countries / crediting as support to NAMA / no trade sanctions / supplementarity • Norway: explore crediting /SA further to transfer resources to move towards low-carbon economy • Russia: risk of speculation through carbon market

  12. SA toolkit on UNFCCC table at this stage • Prioritize global action & discuss comparability of efforts • Broaden crediting from CDM (project) to sectoral CDM • Move away from offsets towards actual, global mitigation (no-lose targets) • Sectoral targets under emissions trading (article 17 under the Kyoto Protocol) • SA to organize technology diffusion/transfer etc. (as per Bali Action Plan, 1.b.iv) • Absent: international negotiation over a sector (a.k.a. transnational agreement) • Outside: IAI, worldsteel, CSI, APP …

  13. Questions for debate

  14. Role(s) of the carbon market • Options abound on how to harness the carbon market: • Sector-wide CDM, sectoral crediting, no-lose, sectoral caps, intensity-based or not • Offsetting vs. crediting: how to evolve away from CDM? • How do the options bring incentives to countries / domestic agents? • CDM  project developers/installations have a clear incentive (CDM project cycle notwithstanding…) • Sectoral targets, intensity, non-binding  installations are steps away from carbon market – does this matter?

  15. Role(s) of the carbon market • Uncertainty on supply (CDM + sectoral + … ) and demand (developed country commitments) – and back • Merely a political issue (‘show me the level of your ambition, I’ll show you mine’) or also about details of instruments, incl. SA? Incentives should matter. • Limited (or lack of) data / eligibility / likely timing of entry of various sectors/countries in the market?

  16. Other possible considerations on SA in UNFCCC negotiations • Differentiation of countries or actions What implications for a sectoral approach to mitigation? • Differentiate by type? SD-PAMs  …  Sectoral targets • Differentiate by level of international support to NAMA • Support mitigation in developing countries / sectors via carbon market or other means? • Economically attractive for ‘donors’ • Verification = Intrusiveness • Countries to pledge actions: will they go beyond these pledges with SA? • Competitiveness/leakage issues: ‘elephant in the room’ or can be handled with ad-hoc measures?

  17. Going forward: Integration in an agreement by Copenhagen? • Numbers on sectors / countries by COP15? • Unlikely for most – esp. w/o agreement on precise format of SA, or differentiation of actions • Areas for decisions by COP15? • Principles for SA? • Role of carbon market, other support, eligibility sectors/countries? • A registry structure (format) to record ‘pledges’? • Pilot phase  data gathering … • Deadline for submissions of SA pledges/goals by developing countries? • Process for evaluation of submissions, as they come? Sectoral expert groups?

  18. coming soonOptions for integrating sectoral approaches (SA) into the UNFCCC Richard Baron, Ingrid Barnsley (IEA), Jane Ellis (OECD)

More Related