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Good Evening!

Good Evening!. Ganesha Statue, Bali. Namaste !. Hinduism. When did Hinduism originate? What are some of the Hindu sacred texts? Who are the main Hindu deities? What do Hindus believe? How do Hindus practice their religion? What is the future of Hinduism?. When did it originate?.

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  1. Good Evening! Ganesha Statue, Bali

  2. Namaste!

  3. Hinduism • When did Hinduism originate? • What are some of the Hindu sacred texts? • Who are the main Hindu deities? • What do Hindus believe? • How do Hindus practice their religion? • What is the future of Hinduism?

  4. When did it originate? • Aryans: Rural steppe horsemen (1700 BC) • Urban Indus river valley people (3300 BC) • Other Indigenous Populations

  5. Origins: Aryan Migration Theory (1700-1500 BC) Theorized Aryan migration routes (Based on spread of chariot technology)

  6. Aryan Traditions Fire ritual sacrifices (Yajna) Sanskrit Rig-Veda manuscript

  7. Origins: Indus Valley Civilization(started 3300 BC) The Great Bath of Mohenjo-Daro Main Indus Valley Civilization settlements

  8. “Pashupati Seal” from MohenjoDaro Meditating Shiva Cattle seal Nandi, Shiva’s bull Indus Valley and Modern Hindu Swastikas

  9. Review of History: • No known foundation date • Mix of Aryan and local beliefs • Identities of original Aryans and Indus Valley settlers remains unknown

  10. What are the Sacred Texts? Vedas Upanishads Mahabharata BhagavadGita Ramayana Puranas Devotional Writings Modern Texts

  11. Vedas (C. 1700 BC) Fire Sacrifice Suyra Indra

  12. Upanishads (starting 1000-500 BC) “As the rivers flowing east and west Merge in the sea and become one with it, Forgetting they were separate rivers, So do all creatures lose their separateness When they merge at last into pure Being. There is nothing that does not come from him. Of everything he is the inmost Self. He is the truth; he is the Self supreme. You are that Shvetaketu, you are that.” (Chadogya Upanishad IV.10.1-3)

  13. Mahabharata (starting 800-900 BC) Includes BhagavadGita Drona instructs the Pandava brothers The Pandavas renounce the world

  14. BhagavadGita (C. 500 B) Krishna and Arjuna Krishna’s Universal Form

  15. Ramayana (400-500 BC) Ravana captures Sita Ram and Lakshman meet Hanuman and other Vanaras

  16. Puranas (200-500 AD) Varaha rescuing the Earth from the demon Hiranyaksha Krishna dances on the heads of Kaliya

  17. Devotional Literature “Friend, my heart is steeped In Krishna’s Love, I wore a robe of five colours And went to play hide and seek I saw my Dark Lover there And gave him my body for keeps. Others send letters to declare their love: But my Lover is in my heart What need have I to go anywhere?” -Song by Mira Bai

  18. Modern Texts

  19. Review of Main Texts Vedas Upanishads Mahabharata (BhagavadGita) Ramayana Puranas Devotional Writings Modern Texts

  20. Who are the main Deities? But first… How do Hindus think about Deities? • IshtaDevata- A cherished deity • Bhakti- Devotion • Henotheism- Belief in one deity, while accepting the legitimacy of other deities • Brahmaan- Transcendent and all permeating divine reality

  21. Vedic Devas Agni Indra

  22. Ancient Devas: Trimurti Brahma Shiva Vishnu

  23. Avatars of Vishnu Krishna speaking with Arjuna Ram, along with Sita, Lakshman, and Hanuman

  24. Avatars of Vishnu

  25. Shakti/Devi Lakshami Saraswati Parvati/Kali/Durga

  26. Shakti/Devi Manasha Kali

  27. Other popular deities Hanuman Ganesha and Murugan

  28. Review of Deities • IshtaDevata- A cherished deity • Bhakti- Devotion • Henotheism- Belief in one deity, while accepting the legitimacy of other deities • Brahmaan- Transcendent and all permeating divine reality

  29. What are Hindu philosophical beliefs? • Brahman • Devas as aspects of Brahman • Cause and effect (Karma) • The cycle of reincarnation (Samsara) • Spiritual Liberation (Moksha) • Duty, Law, and Moral conduct (Dharma)

  30. Brahman

  31. The Law of Karma

  32. Reincarnation (Samsara) and Liberation (Moksha)

  33. Dharma • Duty • Law • Morality • Highly contextual

  34. Four Stages of Life Student life Householder Saanyasa- Renunciation Vanaprastha- Retirement

  35. Orthodoxy • Aastika, vsNaastika • Vedas • Karma

  36. Heterodoxy • Reject core features like Vedas, Gods, Karma, or reincarnation • Materialist • Atomistic • Hedonistic • Skeptical • Anti-clerical

  37. Pluralism • “Truth is One, sages know it by many names” -Rig Veda

  38. Review of Philosophy • Brahman • Karma • The cycle of rebirth (Samsara) and liberation (Moksha) • Dharma is contextual • Cycle of Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy • Pluralism

  39. How do Hindus practice their religion? • Following the BhagavadGita • Yoga, Meditation, Vegetarianism • Pursuing the Four Goals of Life • Temple and Home Prayer • Holidays • Sacred Symbols • Art as worship

  40. Gita’s Message • Karma Yoga- Path of Action • Raja Yoga- Path of Self Control • Jnana Yoga- Path of Knowledge • Bhakti Yoga- Path of Devotion

  41. Karma Yoga- The Path of Action

  42. Raja Yoga- The Path of Self Control

  43. Jnana Yoga- The Path of Knowledge

  44. Bhakti Yoga- The Path of Devotion

  45. Four Goals of life Artha- Material prosperity Kama- Pleasure Moksha- Spiritual Liberation Dharma- Doing one’s ethical duty

  46. Daily practices • Home prayer (puja/aarati) in shrines • Temple visits • Yoga • Meditation • Vegetarianism

  47. Idols (Murtis)

  48. Divali

  49. RakshaBandhan

  50. Holi

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