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Forest Products Markets in Western European Urbanized Society; the Dutch experience. IUFRO Division 5, Taiwan 2007. Nico A. Leek, Consultant wood market. Introduction. Changes & developments in the roundwood supply and demand in Western Europe Illustrated by the Dutch situation
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Forest Products Markets in Western European Urbanized Society;the Dutch experience IUFRO Division 5, Taiwan 2007 Nico A. Leek, Consultant wood market
Introduction • Changes & developments in the roundwood supply and demand in Western Europe • Illustrated by the Dutch situation • The Netherlands is a consumer country: consumption 14 million m3 RWE production 1 million m3 • In urbanized societies Agriculture, Forestry and Nature conservation strongly influenced by “urban votes”
Introduction • Wood Supply influenced by increasing demand for more natural forests • International NGO’s and government have pushed the forest certification process for SFM and recently for legal origin increased demand for Certified Wood Products (CWP)
North Western Europe Source: Nota Ruimte 2006
The Dutch Forest Land use in The Netherlands Source: CBS
Characteristics: Total area 360,000 ha Relative young Fragmented woodlots Species composition:coniferous 54%broadleaves 46% The Dutch Forest Source: SBB
Population density 484 The Netherlands 246 United Kingdom 231 Germany 110 France 31 USA 20 Sweden 3 Canada
The Dutch Forest Forest area per inhabitant: NL 0,022 hectare UK 0,4 ,, SW 3,1 ,,
Forest Management Changes in Forest Management since 1980: Before: wood production dominant with monocultures and clearcut management in relative young forests After: Focus on natural processes for more natural variety and improved recreational experience Forests exclusively for Nature Development and Forests for Multiple Use
Nature Forest Management • Originally started with non-intervention • Later on interventions aiming at nature development: > grazing by cattle > simulating storms (& wind damage)> more dead trees> more veteran trees • In principle management without commercial wood harvesting
Integrated Forest Management (IFM) IFM transforms the Dutch multiple use forests from even-aged single species plantations into small scale mixed, uneven-aged forests with native spp Wood production of minor importance Wood harvesting = management tool
Integrated Forest Management IFM characteristics: • Selective thinnings, no clearcuts • Natural regeneration • Uneven-aged and mixed • More native, especially deciduous spp • More dead wood (standing and on the ground) • Large Dimensioned Trees
Integrated Forest Managementconiferous groupplanting in beech
Dutch Forest Policy “Nature for people, people for nature” 2001, confirms the trends in Dutch forestry: • Forestry embedded in the Dutch nature conservation policy • The recent policy supports SFM and strives at 70% of the forest area for multiple-use, 30% for Nature conservation (without wood harvesting) • Wood harvesting: relevant in relation with SFM and as a part of multiple-use forests; harvest not allowed during nesting-season (from mid March up to July)
Wood Harvesting Results of 25 years of IFM: • Improved ecology and nature values, increased variation in forest structure • Improved recreational benefits, nicer forests • BUT: wood production and wood harvesting in secondary position
Wood Harvesting How to create better opportunities for timber harvesting? The Dutch Forest Based Industries sounded the alarm bell: going East or is there still a future? Together with the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality a VISION ON TIMBER HARVESTING was set up tostimulate the use of wood from Dutch woodlands (a set of actions) Similar trends in Germany: in different Bundeslander cluster studies show the importance of the Forest-Wood chain for the German economy
Forest Certification Sustainable Forest Management: • Certification is an effective instrument to communicate about sound Forest Management including wood harvesting • Sustainability not only implies care for social and environmental aspects but also economic profitability timber harvesting is very crucial • In NL 140.000 hectares = 40% of the area
Certified Wood Products (CWP) • Strong support for FSC by NGO’s and politicians • The Netherlands: a FSC-country; FSC is known by 67% of the public! • Increasing demand for Certified Wood Products stimulated by FSC and NGO’s • Dutch Forest Based Industries: not only FSC but also PEFC, CSA, SFI, MTCC….
Certified Wood Products Source: Probos 2006
Certified Wood Products Dutch Timber Traders Association: • In 2009 the origin of all the wood imported by their members is known • In 2009 75% of the wood imported by their members is from certified forests Dutch Public Procurement Policy: • In 2010 public authorities will buy 100% CWP • Similar developments in UK, Germany, Denmark and Belgium
How to stimulate wood harvesting? • The Forest Based Industries should consolidate SFM and legal origin in the market (SFM legitimates wood harvesting) • Acceptation by managers and forest owners that wood harvesting is an effective tool to enhance biodiversity values • Better cooperation between forest owners; offering “full service contracts” for carrying out timber harvesting operations
Wood for Renewable Energy Immense additional demand for woody biomass in 2020: NL: 14 million m3 EU: 340 – 420 million m3 200 – 260 million m3 deficit = 25% of forecasted demand (EU study McKinsey, 2007)
Wood for Renewable Energy McKinsey study: To ensure enough supply of biomass, Europe will have to significantly stimulate biomass production and imports: • Free up land for energy crop production • Maximize mobilization of wood • Facilitate overseas supplies Great impacts on European agriculture, forestry and environmental policies.
Conclusions I • Society in Western Europe demands for more ‘Nature’ in the forest • Area of forest NOT available for wood harvesting will increase • Area of forest that is not producing for the market needs will increase • Wood consumption will strongly increase, especially for RES significant deficit is expected
Conclusions II • The Netherlands:- is a large importer- own resource restricted and limited - BUT 2,5 million m3 increment can contribute substantial in improving self sufficiency- HOWEVER increasing wood harvesting is complex • Great need to reposition the role of wood harvesting in Nature Oriented Forest Management.