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Visual impairments significantly alter developmental norms for children. Research indicates that these children follow distinct developmental trajectories, especially in areas like motor skills where delays in both fine and gross motor functions are common. Key challenges include lack of visually directed reach and delayed locomotion, often causing children to miss critical mobility milestones. Cognitive development may also be hindered, impacting skills such as object permanence and social interaction. Understanding these unique developmental patterns is crucial for tailoring support and fostering growth in visually impaired children.
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Developmental norms • Developmental norms for children with visual impairments are very different. • Some research to indicate that children with VI only have their own set of norms.
Motor Delays • Most common and significant delays are in motor. • Both fine motor and gross motor are effected.
Visually directed reach • Children with visual impairments do not have visually directed reach. • “Hand regard” • “Inspection at midline”
Locomotion • May be delayed six months or more. • Children with visual impairments often do not crawl.
Cognition • Object permanence. • Cause and effect.
Concept development • Similarities and differences between objects • Classification • Conservation • One-to-one correspondence • Generalization
Language • Echolalia • Verbalism
Social skills • Lack of parental bonding • No understanding of social cues (e. g. eye contact, body language, etc.) • May not know when others are present
Is often overprotected and not given a chance to interact. • Tends to be totally egocentric. • Pretend play is based on observation that the child with visual impairment does not have.