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The Nervous & Endocrine Systems

The Nervous & Endocrine Systems. Chapter 7 & 8. The Nervous System. I. Two parts a. Central Nervous System (CNS) Includes brain and spinal cord b. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Nerves that connect all areas of the body to the CNS. CNS. a. Brain is the largest organ

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The Nervous & Endocrine Systems

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  1. The Nervous & Endocrine Systems Chapter 7 & 8

  2. The Nervous System I. Two parts a. CentralNervous System (CNS) • Includes brain and spinal cord b. PeripheralNervous System (PNS) • Nerves that connect all areas of the body to the CNS

  3. CNS a. Brain is the largest organ b. controls voluntary and involuntary activities c. 3 parts of brain i. cerebrum 1. largestsection 2. stores memory, controls movement and your senses 3. 2 halves a. Rightcontrols lefts side of body and left controls right side of body b. Left controls speaking, reading, writing, problem solving c. Right controls activities with creativity and imagination

  4. ii. Cerebellum 1. receives sensory information from from skeletal muscles and joints iii. Medulla 1. controls blood pressure, heart rate, & involuntary activities d. Spinal cord i. Composed of neurons and axons ii. Allows brain to communicate with the PNS

  5. PNS a. Composed of neurons i. parts include a cell body, dendrites and an axon 1. dendrites receive impulses 2. axons transmit impulses 3. cell body contains organelles

  6. b. sensoryneurons i. gather info in and around the body through receptors which is processed by the CNS c. motorneurons i. carry impulses from the CNS to the body d. nerves i. bundles of axons, blood vessels and connective tissue ii. usually contain motor and sensory neurons

  7. Endocrine System • involved in the control of slower, long-term processes such as fluid balance, growth, and development • uses chemical rather than electrical messages Chemical Messengers * gland– group of cells that makes hormones for your body

  8. Examples • adrenal gland – releases epinephrine which prepares you for ‘fight or flight’ • pituitary – secretes hormones that affect other glands (the master gland) • pancreas – regulates blood sugar with insulin • ovaries/testes – produce hormones needed for reproduction • thymus – regulates the immune system • thyroid – increases the rate at which you use energy • parathyroid – regulate calcium levels in the blood

  9. Feedback Controls • tell glands when to turn on and off • example • eat a meal blood glucose increases pancreas releases insulin into blood insulin signals liver to take glucose from the blood blood sugar drops you’re hungry again • Hormone Imbalance • Pancreas not able to make insulin = diabetes • Pituitary not able to make enough growth hormone = stunted growth • Lack of iodine in diet and thyroid can’t make thyroxin = goiter

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