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The Evolution of Chinese Legal Systems: From Confucius to Modern Leadership

This study explores the historical development of Chinese legal systems from Confucian principles in ancient times to the political turmoil of the 19th and 20th centuries. Key events such as the Opium War, the rise of warlordism, the Chinese Civil War, and the establishment of the People's Republic of China are highlighted. The interplay between Nationalists and Communists, significant reforms under Deng Xiaoping, and the Cultural Revolution are examined, providing insights into the challenges and transformations within China's legal and political landscape.

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The Evolution of Chinese Legal Systems: From Confucius to Modern Leadership

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  1. Comparative Law March 7 2006 Asian Legal Systems: China

  2. Confucius • 551-479 B.C. • Analects • Li • Fa

  3. Chinese Dynasties • 221 B.C. -1911 • See handout • Periodic warlordism and civil war • But much remained the same

  4. Chinese religions • Buddhism • Taoism

  5. 19th Century China • Opium War (1839-1842) • European spheres of influence • Dowager Empress Wu Cixi • Rebellions (e.g. Taiping, Boxer) • Failure to reform • Abdication of Pu Yu, the last Qing Emperor

  6. Early 20th Century China • World War I • Nationalists (GMD) – Sun Yatsen, Chiang Kai Shek • Communists (CCP) Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai

  7. Japanese Invasion • 1931 Manchuria • 1934 Long March • 1937 Attack Beijing • Unity between Nationalists and Communists • Occupation except North (Communist)

  8. Peoples Republic of China • 1949 • Nationalize industry, land redistribuion • 1951 uprising in Tibet (1959 failed coup) • 1957 “Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom” • 1958 Great Leap Forward – a disaster

  9. Cultural Revolution • 1966 reaches Beijing university • Red Guards • Gang of Four (Jiang Qing) • 1976 Mao dies, arrest of Gang of Four

  10. Deng Xiaoping • In power from late 1970s to 1993 when Jiang Zemin took control

  11. Modern leader • Jiang stepped down officially in 2002 (but remains powerful behind the scenes) • Power passed to next generation of technocrats led by Hu Jintao

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