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Fallacious Arguments

Fallacious Arguments. Fallacies are arguments which are weak based on common flaws. Examples of fallacies already covered: Affirming the consequent Hasty generalization Post hoc, ergo propter hoc (causal fallacy) Conclusions may be true, but the argument is inadequate to support them.

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Fallacious Arguments

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  1. Fallacious Arguments • Fallacies are arguments which are weak based on common flaws. • Examples of fallacies already covered: • Affirming the consequent • Hasty generalization • Post hoc, ergo propter hoc (causal fallacy) • Conclusions may be true, but the argument is inadequate to support them.

  2. Fallacies of Faulty Assumption • Arguing from ignorance • Visits from outer space exist, because nobody has been able to prove that they don’t. • Continuum fallacy • Since we can’t determine what IQ score makes someone gifted we should not have special program for the gifted. • Begging the question • Everybody has the right to work; therefore, we should give driver’s licenses to illegal aliens.

  3. Fallacies Directed at Persons • Abusive ad hominem • John Edwards is a slick trial lawyer. • Appeal to personal interest • President Bush is favors a constitutional amendment banning gay marriage to seek the support of fundamentalist Christians. • Poisoning the well • Men don’t have the right to say anything about abortion because they don’t have children.

  4. Fallacies of Presentation • Attacking a straw man • We shouldn’t support vouchers for private schools, since they do not provide free school lunches. • Exaggeration • If enforced to the fullest extent, the Patriot Act will destroy our Bill of Rights. • Ridicule • Most pollution is caused by plants and trees. • Reductio Ad Absurdum • Since laws can’t control drug use, they are worthless. Remove the laws.

  5. Fallacies of Suggestion • Paralepsis • I won’t make the Vice President’s Lesbian daughter an issue in this campaign. • Selection • Some of our wealthiest Americans don’t pay any taxes. • Arrangement • If Arkansas were a Fortune 500 company, it would be about 258th behind Toys ‘R’ Us and Chaquita Brands.

  6. Appeals • Emotion • Authority

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