Detention and Interrogation

1. Detention and Interrogation Defense Institute of International Legal Studies Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program

2. Introduction: Module Objectives I. Law Enforcement and Individual Rights II. U.N. Approach III. U.S. Approach IV. Arrest V. Initial Detention VI. Detention VII. Interrogation VIII. Right to Counsel IX. Conclusion • Participants will be able to describe the UN and US approach to balancing enforcement with rights • Participants will be able to list rights upon arrest, detention, and interrogation • Participants will be able to describe the right to counsel and its relevance 2

3. Law Enforcement • and Individual Rights I. Law Enforcement and Individual Rights II. U.N. Approach III. U.S. Approach IV. Arrest V. Initial Detention VI. Detention VII. Interrogation VIII. Right to Counsel IX. Conclusion • Basic standards • Objectives • Compare military and police • Mindset 3

4. II. The U.N. Approach I. Law Enforcement and Individual Rights II. U.N. Approach III. U.S. Approach IV. Arrest V. Initial Detention VI. Detention VII. Interrogation VIII. Right to Counsel IX. Conclusion • Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) • International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) • Body of Principles for Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment (BPDI) 4

5. III. The U.S. Approach I. Law Enforcement and Individual Rights II. U.N. Approach III. U.S. Approach IV. Arrest V. Initial Detention VI. Detention VII. Interrogation VIII. Right to Counsel IX. Conclusion • Fourth Amendment – Prohibition against unreasonable search and seizure. • Fifth Amendment - Cannot compel self-incrimination • Exclusionary Rule - Violation of Fourth/Fifth Amendment rights • may render • evidence • inadmissible 5

6. III. The U.S. Approach I. Law Enforcement and Individual Rights II. U.N. Approach III. U.S. Approach IV. Arrest V. Initial Detention VI. Detention VII. Interrogation VIII. Right to Counsel IX. Conclusion • Sixth Amendment - Speedy Trial and Assistance of Counsel • Eighth Amendment - Prohibits Cruel and Unusual Punishment 6

7. IV. Arrest I. Law Enforcement and Individual Rights II. U.N. Approach III. U.S. Approach IV. Arrest V. Initial Detention VI. Detention VII. Interrogation VIII. Right to Counsel IX. Conclusion • Probable cause required • Authority to apprehend • Rights in private dwelling • Inform individual cause of arrest • Use of force in apprehension 7

8. V. Initial Detention I. Law Enforcement and Individual Rights II. U.N. Approach III. U.S. Approach IV. Arrest V. Initial Detention VI. Detention VII. Interrogation VIII. Right to Counsel IX. Conclusion • Brought promptly before a judge • Information on charges and rights • A judicial authority shall review the continuance of detention • Probable cause required • Speedy trial within reasonable time 8

9. VI. Detention I. Law Enforcement and Individual Rights II. U.N. Approach III. U.S. Approach IV. Arrest V. Initial Detention VI. Detention VII. Interrogation VIII. Right to Counsel IX. Conclusion • Communication with family • Legal Counsel • Visitation • Oversight • Records 9

10. VI. Detention I. Law Enforcement and Individual Rights II. U.N. Approach III. U.S. Approach IV. Arrest V. Initial Detention VI. Detention VII. Interrogation VIII. Right to Counsel IX. Conclusion • UN treaties state that places of detention shall be visited regularly by qualified inspectors • Ensure compliance with standards • Detainees should have the right to communicate freely and with full confidentiality with inspector 10

11. VII. Interrogation I. Law Enforcement and Individual Rights II. U.N. Approach III. U.S. Approach IV. Arrest V. Initial Detention VI. Detention VII. Interrogation VIII. Right to Counsel IX. Conclusion • Interrogation: questions and conduct implemented to encourage answers to questions • Ensure compliance with standards • UN Convention Against Torture • Prohibits conduct that would inflict severe physical or mental • pain or suffering 11

12. VIII. Right to Counsel I. Law Enforcement and Individual Rights II. U.N. Approach III. U.S. Approach IV. Arrest V. Initial Detention VI. Detention VII. Interrogation VIII. Right to Counsel IX. Conclusion • Assistance of Counsel • UN principle: detained persons have a right to legal counsel • State provided or private counsel may be utilized 12

13. IX. Conclusion I. Law Enforcement and Individual Rights II. U.N. Approach III. U.S. Approach IV. Arrest V. Initial Detention VI. Detention VII. Interrogation VIII. Right to Counsel IX. Conclusion • US and UN standards for detained person are designed to ensure: • Humane treatment, safety, respect for rule of law and to give the detained person access to oversight and judicial process 13

14. Detention and Interrogation Defense Institute of International Legal Studies Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program