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1. Dualism

   The Princess elizabeth argument
2. Cartesian Dualism Substance Dualism: Mental states are non-physical states of an immaterial mind. Pain is a non-physical state of the immaterial mind. Interactionism: The brain and the mind of a typical person enter into two-way causal interaction (i.e., bodily events cause mental events and vice versa).
3. The Parody Argument I can conceive of Superman (SM) existing without Clark Kent (CK). If (1), it’s possible for SM to exist without CK. If it’s possible for SM to exist without CK, SM can exist without my CK. [So] SM can exist without CK. CK cannot exist without CK. If (4) and (5), SM is not identical to CK. [So] SM is not identical to CK.
4. The Conceivability Argument I can conceive of me existing without my body. If (1), it’s possible for me to exist without my body. If it’s possible for me to exist without my body, I can exist without my body. [So] I can exist without my body. My body cannot exist without my body. If (4) and (5), I am not identical to my body. [So] I am not identical to my body.
5. Cartesian Dualism Substance Dualism: Mental states are non-physical states of an immaterial mind. Pain is a non-physical state of the immaterial mind. Interactionism: The brain and the mind of a typical person enter into two-way causal interaction (i.e., bodily events cause mental events and vice versa).
6. The Princess Elizabeth Argument I [question] how the mind of a human being, being only a thinking substance, can determine the bodily spirits in producing bodily actions. For it appears that all determination of movement is produced by the pushing of the thing being moved, by the manner in which it is pushed by that which moves it, or else by the qualification and figure of the surface of the latter. Contact is required for the first two conditions, and extension for the third. [But] you entirely exclude the latter from the notion you have of… an immaterial thing.
7. The Princess Elizabeth Argument Newton’s First Law of Motion: The motion of an object will remain unchanged unless some force acts upon it. Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Force equals mass times acceleration.
8. The Princess Elizabeth Argument If Cartesian Dualism is correct, immaterial minds affectthe motion of material objects. If immaterial minds affect the motion of material objects, they exert force. If immaterial minds exert force, they have both mass and spatial location. Immaterial minds don’t have mass or spatial location. [So] Cartesian Dualism is incorrect.
9. The Princess Elizabeth Argument An event e is causally overdeterminediff there are two distinct and causally unrelated events which are both causes of e. Event e counterfactually depends on c iff e wouldn’t have occurred if c hadn’t occurred.