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Understanding Classification and Taxonomy in Science

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  1. NIQ #4: Classification Chapter 2 Section 2

  2. Why do scientists classify? • 1. What is classification? • The process of grouping things based on their similarities

  3. 2. Why do students use classification? • How is it useful to you as students? • Binders • Lockers • Find things easier in stores • Closest (shoes)

  4. Taxonomy • 3. The scientific study of how living things are classified is called taxonomy.

  5. 4. Kaz: What’s it look it? • All fish have: • Fins • Scales • Need water to live • Gills • 2 eyes • 1 mouth

  6. Vocabulary • 1. Classification: The process of grouping things based on their similarities • Example: You can classify animals by where they live.

  7. Vocabulary • 2.Taxonomy: The scientific study of how living things are classified.

  8. Vocabulary • 3.Binomial Nomenclature: The for naming organisms in which each organism is given a unique, two-part scientific name. • Example:Periplanetaamericana • (common cockroach)

  9. The Naming System of Linnaeus • 5. Taxonomy also involves naming organisms. • 6. Carolus Linnaeus: Swedish scientist who devised a naming system. • Linnaeus put organisms in groups based on their observable features.

  10. Classification • How could you classify these things?

  11. Classification • It is always changing because scientists are always coming up with new idea • There are new species and ideas that prove old things inaccurate

  12. Classification • 8. The naming system is called binomialnomenclature. • 9. The word “binomial” means “twonames”. • Genus • Species

  13. Binomial Nomenclature • Genus: Classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms • Example: Felis • Like your last name (general name given to your entire family) • Genus = General!

  14. Binomial Nomenclature • Species: A group of similar organisms that can mate • Example: monax • Like your first name (specific name to you to separate you from the rest of your family) • Species= Specific!

  15. Binomial Nomenclature • 10. BOTH words are in italics and only the first word is capitalized. • Example: Marmotamonax(Groundhog or woodchuck) • Together the two words indicate a unique species!

  16. Binomial Nomenclature • 11. Why is it useful around the world? • So there is so confusion to which organisms that someone is talking about • For example: Here we have groundhogs, but some other places they call them whistlepigs.

  17. Binomial Nomenclature • 12. Why did Linnaeus use Latin? • It was the language that all scientists spoke at that point in time. • It was a common language to scientists.

  18. Levels of Classification • 13. Most classifications today use a series of eight levels to classify organisms. • 14. The classification groups start out general and are then divided into more specific groups. • 15. The more classification levels that two organisms share, the more characteristics they have in common.

  19. Levels of Classification DOMAIN Highest KINGDOM Level PHYLA: (singular is phylum) CLASSES ORDERS FAMILIES GENERA: (singular is genus) Lowest SPECIES Level

  20. Classifying an Owl (p.46) • 17. As you move down the levels (from Domain to Species), there are fewer organisms in each group. • 18. The organisms in the lower groups have more in common.

  21. Vocabulary • 4. Genus: Classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms • 5. Species: A group of similar organisms that can mate • 6. Prokaryote: An organism whose cells lack nuclei in them.

  22. Vocabulary • 7. Nucleus: The control center of a eukaryotic cell that directs the cell’s activity and contain the information that determines the cell’s form and function. • 8. Eukaryote: An organism who’s cells contain nuclei. • 9. Competition: The struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resource.

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