ApA Formatting

1. Entrepreneurship FYS September 20th, 2012 ApA Formatting

2. What is APA formatting? • American Psychological Association • Citing sources within the social sciences

3. General Formatting Rules • Double spaced • 1-inch margins • 12 point font that’s easily readable (Times New Roman recommended)

4. Parts of an APA Essay • Title page • Abstract • Main body • References

5. Title Page • Running header • Title, authors name, institutional affiliation

6. Page number: flush right Running head: flush left Full title Top half of page Name Affiliated institution

7. Abstract • Mainly useful in research papers • Should include the page header • Center the word “Abstract” on the first line • On the next line, type a short summary of the key points of your research • May include key points, which go on the line after the abstract • Between 150-250 words

8. Page number: flush right Running head: flush left Centered, no other formatting No indentation Italicized, indented

9. Main Body • Include the running header, number the first text page as 3 • Type and center the full title of the paper at the top of the page. • Type the text double-spaced with all sections following each other without a break • Identify sources used with parenthetical in-text citations

10. References • Continue the running header with page number • Type and center “References” on the first line (no bolding, underlining, etc.) • Generally include author, publication year, article title, page #, etc. • LOTS of referencing rules • Consult Purdue OWL site or use trusted online citation generator (Son of Citation Machine)

11. In-text Citations • Author-date method when indirectly quoting material • Example: Doubt is a common feeling in the business world (Hsieh, 2010). • Or:As Hsieh (2010) alludes to in the book, doubt is a common feeling in the business world.

12. In-text Citations • Direct short quotes – (Author, date of publication, and page number). • Example:As he put it, "It just goes to show that you never know when something you perceive as a negative will ultimately turn out to be a good thing" (Hsieh, 2010, p. 214). • Or:As Hsieh (2010) put it, "It just goes to show that you never know when something you perceive as a negative will ultimately turn out to be a good thing" (p. 214). • Short quotes are ≤40 words

13. In-text Citations • Direct long quotes – . (Author, date of publication, and page number) • Long quotes are >40 words • Example: When referring to these obstacles, he wrote: To an outsider, it may have seemed like a desperate and reckless plan. But in my mind, it wasn't. We had taken Zappos this far, and there was no turning back now. In my heart, I knew it was the right thing to do. I believed in Zappos. (Hsieh, 2010, p. 103)

14. In-text Citations • Or: When referring to these obstacles, Hsieh (2010) wrote: To an outsider, it may have seemed like a desperate and reckless plan. But in my mind, it wasn't. We had taken Zappos this far, and there was no turning back now. In my heart, I knew it was the right thing to do. I believed in Zappos. (p. 103)

15. In-text Citations • 2 authors: (Wegener & Petty, 1994). • 3-5 authors: • 1st time: (Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, & Harlow, 1993). • Subsequently: (Kernis et al., 1993). • 6 or more authors: (Harris et al., 2001) orHarris et al. (2001) argued... • Unknown author: (“Title,” date). • Other special cases: consult the Purdue OWL site

16. Purdue Online Writing Lab

17. References • Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderlund, L., & Brizee, A. (2010, May 5). General format. Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ resource/560/01/