Oklahoma Chapter American Planning Association 2007

1. Oklahoma Chapter American Planning Association 2007 The Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook John M. Dugan AICP

2. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Community Land Use Planning In Oklahoma • Chapter 1. The Purposes of Land Use Planning • 1. Establishing a path towards the future : • Good government in the public interest • General consensus on community’s vision of the future • Anticipate problems and prepare for growth

3. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • 2. Development Guidance • Deciding how land will be used and for what purposes. • Tools include zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, comprehensive plans, capital improvement programs.

4. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • 3. Community Redevelopment • Renewal of the physical, social and economic quality of communities in need. • Coordination of public services, rehabilitation of housing, increase employment, improve public safety.

5. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • 4. Economic Development • Creation of new jobs and renewal of the local economy and creation of wealth • Land zoned for employment • Good street and utility infrastructure • Enhanced quality of life services; schools, parks, recreation opportunities.

6. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Chapter 2. Roles and Relationships of the Planning Commission • 1. The Origin of the Planning Commission • Herbert Hoover’s Standard Planning and Zoning Enabling Acts in 1920s. • All states adopted and authorized zoning and planning for local jurisdictions.

7. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • 2. Roles of the Planning Commission • Recommendations to the legislative body on rezoning, ordinance amendments, subdivision plats, capital improvement programs and projects. • Preparing the Comprehensive Plan • Exploration of long range community issues

8. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • 3. Planning Commission Relationships with Other Development Partners • Recommendations to the legislative body • Informing and educating the public on planning issues and solutions • Collaboration with various agency staffs • Establishing good public meeting practices

9. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • 4. The Public Hearing Process Provides: • A clear purpose • Legal notice following Oklahoma Statutes • Convenient time and place • Clear agenda • Strong Chairperson who can guide the hearings • Adequate time allotted for public comments • Permanent record of actions taken

10. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • 5. Different Roles of the Governing Body and the Planning Commission • Governing body is elected to make land use policy • Commission is appointed to work within the policy established in land use ordinances • Commission is a technical consultant to the legislative body on land use and community future

11. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Chapter 3. Comprehensive and Strategic Planning. • 1. Historical Context • Oklahoma statutes authorize local planning and zoning • Purpose to aid the legislative body in determining the long range needs of the community, coordinate capital improvements, and prepare plans for community development.

12. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Primary Planning Models. • There are three major types of planning: • 1. Comprehensive Planning • 2. Strategic Planning • 3. Future Search Planning or Visioning

13. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Comprehensive Planning • What is it? • Advantages and Disadvantages • Process. 6 Steps: 1. Determine needs. 2.Set Directions 3. Research. 4. Plan formulation. 5. Implementation. 6. Monitoring and Revision.

14. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Strategic Planning • What is it? • When is it the best choice? • Process: 1. Establish a Response Structure. 2. Environmental Scan. 3. Select Key Issues. 4. Identify Solutions. 4. Develop Goals and Strategies. 5. Action Plan. 6. Monitor and Revise.

15. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Future Search Planning or Visioning • What is it? • Advantages? • Process: 1. Response structure. 2. Preliminary meetings. 3. Weekend Conference. 4. Implementation.

16. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Deciding which planning model to use. • Each is different in time and cost. • If needs are short-term and outcomes immediate, use Strategic Planning or Visioning. If there are many issues and they are long-term, Comprehensive Planning is most appropriate.

17. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Public Participation Procedures • Meetings • Public Opinion Surveying • Visioning techniques • Media Releases • Image Analyses (Visual Preferences) • Community Indicators • Web

18. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Care and Feeding of Your Plan. • Adopt the Plan Formally • Evaluation • Adjust • Revise

19. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Chapter 4. Zoning • 1. Purpose of Zoning • 2. Legal Basis • 3. Ordinance Structure • 4. Zoning Decisions-Legislative and Judicial • 5. Special Exceptions • 6. Zoning Issues

20. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Purposes of Zoning • Implement Comprehensive Plan • Protect Property Rights • Ensure efficient public services • Protect the Environment • Promote Economic Development • Set standards for development

21. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Legal Basis of Zoning-Constitutional Limits • Due Process • Equal Protection • Takings • Bill of Rights Freedoms

22. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Structure of Zoning Ordinances • Map-Defines geographic area • Text-Defines zoning districts, rules, procedures for changes, and administrative responsibilities. • Districts or zones • Use Regulations • Design Standards

23. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Zoning Approaches • Cumulative Districts • Special Purpose Districts • Performance Standards • Overlay Districts • Planned Unit Development (PUD)

24. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Types of Zoning Decisions • Legislative • Advisory • Quasi-judicial • Administrative

25. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Other Zoning Topics and Issues • Special Exceptions • Conflicts of Interest • Open Meetings • Vested Rights • Amortization • Spot Zoning • Contract Zoning

26. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Other Zoning Issues continued • Planned Unit Development • Aesthetic Standards/Signs/Historic Preservation • Nonconformities • Family and Group Care Homes • Manufactured Housing • Alcohol Sales • Sexually-Oriented Businesses

27. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Chapter 5. Land Subdivision • 1. Purposes of Land Subdivision Regulation • 2. Legal Authority • 3. Role of the Planning Commission • 4. Subdivision Review Process • 5. Guaranteeing Developer Performance • 6. Subdivision Design Issues • 7. Special Types of Subdivisions

28. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Purposes of Land Subdivision Regulations • Ensure proper public improvements • Establish good land records. • Protect the buyer of lots. • Implement the Comprehensive Plan and Zoning Regulations.

29. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Legal Authority • Oklahoma Statutes Titles 11 and 19. • Permits requiring: recordation of lots. • Dedication of easements and rights of way. • Coordination of streets and public facilities. • Bonding to ensure compliance. • Civil remedies for violations.

30. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Role of the Planning Commission • Review of Plats • Advice on Ordinance Changes • Advice on Development Policy

31. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Subdivision Review Process • Pre-application • Preliminary Plat submission and review *Agency referral process *Technical Review Committee

32. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Subdivision Review Process continued • Planning Commission Actions • Preliminary Plat Public Hearing • Conditional Approvals • Deferrals • Variances and Modifications • Decision Criteria • Final Plat, Approval Criteria, Recording

33. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Guaranteeing Developer Performance • How to ensure improvements are made in a timely manner? • Require them before final plats • Financial guarantee *Letter of credit, surety bond, cash, withholding occupancy permits.

34. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Subdivision Design and Improvement Issues • Boundaries • Critical areas • Storm water management • Curbing • Public or Private Streets • Utilities • Septic Tanks and other waste treatments

35. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Subdivision Design and Improvement Issues Continued. • Cul-de-sac and stub-outs • Lot design-flags, panhandles, etc. • Subdivision Hardware: • Pavements, drainage, sidewalks, walls, hydrants, signs, lights, landscaping.

36. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Special Types of Subdivisions • Cluster Residential Subdivisions • Manufactured Home Subdivisions • Neo-traditional Subdivisions

37. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Chapter 6. Best Practices and Current Issues 1. Smart Growth 2. New Urbanism 3. Sustainable Development 4. Urban Design 5. Form-Based Codes 6. Site Planning

38. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Smart Growth • Mixed Land Uses • Compact Building Design • Range of Housing Choices • Walkable Neighborhoods • Sense of Place • Preservation of Open Space • Infill Development • Transportation Choices • Predictable Development Process • Community/Stakeholder Collaboration

39. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • New Urbanism • Walkability • Connectivity • Mixed Use and Diversity • Mixed Housing • Quality Design • Traditional Neighborhood Structure • Increased Density • Smart Transportation • Sustainabililty

40. Oklahoma Planning Commissioner’s Handbook • Site Planning • Sustainable Development • Form-Based Codes • Planning Terms