RFID Technology in Healthcare and medicine

1. RFID Technology in Healthcareand medicine by: Dr. FariborzSobhan_manesh Assistant Professor Dept . of CSE&IT School of Electrical &Computer Eng. Shiraz University

2. Problem description • An average of 195,000 people died in US hospitals in each of the years of 2000, 2001, 2002 as a result of potentially preventable, in-hospital medical errors. • Patient went through wrong operation • Patient received unsuitable medication, blood • Equipment got lost • The problem is not bad people in health care,it is that good people are working in bad systems that need to be made safer"

3. Frequent healthcare and hospital management problems • 1- Patient misidentification(results in wrong dosage of medication and food tray to wrong patient leads to misdiagnoses and serious medication errors) • 2- Mis-transfusion of blood(wrong blood type for wrong patient) • 3- Surgery on the wrong body part or site ,wrong patient or wrong surgical procedures(reported by JCAHO) • 4- Drug counterfeiting (Reduce patient safety , tens of millions of dollars loss for pharmaceutical companies each year) • 5- Tracking equipments(IV pumps ,Wheelchairs ,..) ,patients , medical staffs • 6- Theft of medical equipments .Their vital role brings more severe consequences than its financial cost.

4. Healthcare problems and some statistics • Hospitals over-procure 20-30% of their mobile assets • Nursing staff spends 10-30% of their time searching for equipment • Assets are not serviced and maintained when required • Hospitals are having a difficult time complying with the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) and FDA regulations on equipment maintenance • Critical staff can not be located quickly • 155,000 Euro were stolen from 11 hospitals in UK in 2005

5. Goal and Solution • Fact : Most future improvements in healthcare may not come from better medicine, but from improved systems engineering • Goal : To reduce rate of medical errors , improving patient safety and better asset management using modern technologies like RFID

6. What is RFID ? • RFID is an ADC(Automatic Data Capture) technology that uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track... • RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item

7. What Constitutes an RFID System? • One or more RF tags • Two or more antennas • One or more interrogators • One or more host computers • Appropriate software

8. Tag Insert RFID System Components(block diagram) Reader Antenna Asset/Tag Asset Firmware TCP/IP ~ Host Power Application Software Customer’s MIS API

9. RFID Operations

10. What is RFID? -- The Tags • Tags can be read-only or read-write • Tag memory can be factory or field programmed, partitionable , and optionally permanently locked • Bytes left unlocked can berewritten over more than100,000 times

11. Tag ID Only Programmable Database Pointer Mission Critical Information Portable Database Read Only (Factory Programmed) WORM - Write Once, Read Many times Reprogrammable (Field Programmable) Read/Write (In-Use Programmable) RFID System Basics

12. What is RFID? -- The Tags Tags can be attached to almost anything: • pallets or cases of product • vehicles • company assets or personnel • items such as garment, luggage, laundry • people, livestock, or pets • high value electronics such as computers, medical devices

13. Are All Tags The Same? Basic Types: • Active • Tag transmits radio signal • Battery powered memory, radio & circuitry • High Read Range (300 feet) • Passive • Tag reflects radio signal from reader • Reader powered • Shorter Read Range (4 inches - 15 feet)

14. Are All Tags The Same? Variations: • Memory • Size (16 bits - 512 kBytes +) • Read-Only, Read/Write or WORM • Type: EEProm, Antifuse, FeRam • Arbitration (Anti-collision) • Ability to read/write one or many tags at a time • Frequency • 125KHz - 5.8 GHz • Physical Dimensions • Thumbnail to Brick sizes • Price ($0.50 to $250)

15. Some tags

16. RFID tag- human implant

17. Smart labels

18. Smart label printer

19. What is RFID? -- The Readers • Readers (interrogators) can be at a fixed point such as • Entrance/exit • Point of sale • Warehouse • Readers can also be mobile, hand-held, wireless

20. RFID in healthcare • The global market for RFID tags and systems in health care will increase steadily from $90 million in 2006 to $2.1billion by 2016. IDTechEx report "RFID in Healthcare 2006-16”

21. Patient identification

22. Patient life cycle

23. RFID _HIS linked system

24. Patient drug card on handheld

25. Patient identification • 5 R’s – • Right patient • Right Chart • Right medication • Right place • Right time

26. Blood transfusion

27. Asset management

28. Example of RFID Equipment Asset Tracking in Action

29. Visibility solutions- RTLS (Real Time location Systems)

30. RFID for asset management • Asset moves • Reader detects tag presence • Updates system automatically with new location • Raises alert if moved to unauthorized area

31. Security Alarms

32. Benefits • Management of personnel, bed, equipment and systems capacity is efficient • Automation of manual actions • Clinical staff can spend time with patients instead of searching for equipment or staff • Purchasing can reduce capital expenditures and equipment leases • Biomedical department can locate equipment for preventative maintenance

33. Information about RFID usage and projected usage in pharma industry- over years

34. Some pilot project • The Birmingham Heartlands Hospital is currently running a pilot of the RFID technology on patient undergoing ear, nose and throat surgery .The aim of the system is to ensure the correct operations are carried out on the right patients. • Equipment tracking had a positive ROI (Return On Investment) such as saving 2500 man-hours a year for the district attorney for Marin County (USA). • St Trudo Regional hospital and John Yperman hospital in Belgium have implemented RFID system for Asset tracking(International HOSPITAL equipment & solutions, Vol 35 , March 2009)

35. Real World ROI’s • Memorial Health System • Albert Einstein MC

36. Memorial Health System • Increase in cash collections at all facilities • by 60% at Memorial’s largest facility • Decrease in patient throughput times at all 6 facilities • Adult Treat and Release 15% – 22% • Adult Treat and Admit 33% – 39% • Pediatric Treat and Release 36% – 38% • Improved capability to handle peak time / staffing Memorial Health System Includes Five Hospitals and Urgent Care Center 250,000 ED visits a year system wide

37. Applying the Numbers… • Example of estimated ROI with VIS™ Patient Flow Management at a medium/large facility

38. Albert Einstein MC • Diversion rate plummeted to 39.9 hours/month from 223 hours/month average • Annual loss of $9M turned into $12M profit in two years Albert Einstein Medical Center 65,0000 ED visits per year ~ average 200 patients a day

39. Conclusion • Healthcare is predicted to be one of the major growth areas for RFID. A recent analysis reveals that the RFID in healthcare and pharmaceutical applications markets earned revenue of 306 million Euro in 2004 and estimates to reach 1'916.6 million Euro in 2011.

40. References • GAO Report on Hospital EDs http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d03460.pdf • Defense Medical Logistics Standards Support http://www.tricare.osd.mil/dmlss/downloads/RFI-Versus-Update-13-Dec-05.ppt • J. Best. RFID comes to European hospitals, 2005. http://networks.silicon.com/lans/0,39024663,39129743,00.htm] • J. Best. Healthcare RFID to track blood, 2006 http://networks.silicon.com/lans/0,39024663,39156599,00.htm • Radio Frequency Identification Applications in Smart Hospitals, Huzifa Al Nahas, Jitender Deogun, CBMS 2007 • Building a Smart Hospital using RFID technologies, Patrik Fuhrer, Dominique Guinard, CBMS 2007

42. Thank You!