Energy Management 101

1. Energy Management 101 Lance Stewart Facilities Maintenance Manager/Energy Manager City of Charlottesville, Virginia

2. Cost control Monitoring energy consumption Baseline comparisons Energy Star ICMA Center Performance Measurements Energy Manager’s Checklist

3. Cost Control: E=$¢2 City of Charlottesville, Virginia • FY 2007-08 General Fund budget for utilities = $2.96 million • Schools = $1.15 million • Municipal buildings = 1.07 million • Street lighting = $.74 million • 2.2% of General Fund • Represents 6¢ of real estate tax rate

4. Monitoring Energy Consumption • First Priority – Establishment of YOUR baseline • What is your historical energy usage? • Every facility • Every utility account • Minimum 1 year data

5. Baseline Comparisons - National • ICMA Center for Performance Measurement • Trade publications • EPA’s Energy Star Portfolio Manager - accounts for many variables, including: • Occupancy density • Size • Hours of operation • Climate

6. Baseline Comparisons - Regional • Establish network of others in your area • Share ideas • Share resources • Your region = your weather • ICMA Center for Performance Measurement, Virginia Performance Consortium

7. Goal Setting • Energy Star Certification • LEED (new Buildings) • LEED-EB (existing buildings) • Short-term, long-term % reduction goal for entire building portfolio • Facility-specific goals • Environmental impact

8. Key Performance Measures • Annual – Portfolio vs. Individual Facilities • Cost per square foot • Kilowatt hours per square foot • Cubic feet natural gas per square foot • Thousand British Thermal Units (MBTUs) per square foot • Electricity – kilowatt hours x 3.142 • Natural gas – cubic feet x 1.031 • Tons of Carbon Dioxide per square foot • Electricity – (kilowatt hours x 1.285) / 2,000 • Natural gas – (cubic feet x .120593) / 2,000 • Major benefit – identifying opportunities

9. Performance Measures Applied

10. Performance Measures Applied

11. Key Performance Measures • Monthly Analysis • kWh / Ft3 / MBTUs per square foot per day • Utility billing periods vary from month to month, even from account to account • Building A – current month versus last month, same month last year • Building A vs. average of all other buildings • Major Benefit – Identifying Problems • Seasonal? Building use? Leaks?

12. Performance Measures Applied

13. Performance Measures Applied

14. Keys to Improving Performance • Due diligence • Timely monthly analysis and review • Right people at the table = energy manager + maintenance staff • Effort – strive to devote as much time to this as utility budget = % of facilities budget • 50% budget = 50% of effort • Preventive maintenance

15. Keys to Improving Performance • Ask questions – • What’s wrong? • Why? • What can we do about it? • Targeted investments • Dreaded “low hanging fruit” • Lowest performing buildings, largest buildings

16. Energy Manager’s Checklist Infrastructure improvements • Planned equipment replacements more energy efficient • Building Automation System • Lighting upgrades • Energy Performance Contracts

17. Infrastructure Improvements • Retro-commissioning HVAC systems • Energy Performance Contracting • Options for funding • Extension of staff • Large, fast impact • Capital investments include life cycle cost estimate, ROI, and in light of overall environmental goals

18. Case Study - Before

19. Case Study - After

20. Case Study - Before

21. Case Study - After

22. Case Study - After

23. Coordination Efforts Wise use of buildings Formal policies Communication with building occupants Energy Manager’s Checklist

24. Lights on for fast re-entry Copier ready to go if needed at 3:00 AM Mini-fridge moved below thermostat to keep office nice and cool for summer Space heater hidden under desk Cappuccino machine shiny Building Occupant’s Checklist

25. “Discretionary”Energy Consumption • Building-Related Energy Consumption • ~ 60% Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation • ~ 40% Lighting, computers, etc. • Estimated energy used at discretion of occupants ~ 15%

26. Bridging the Gap • How to turn Snidely Whiplash into Dudley Do-Right? • Snidely has his own mission • Snidely doesn’t care about your mission • Snidely doesn’t even know your mission

27. Environmental Sustainability Program • Intent: Reduce consumption of electricity and natural gas, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and reduce consumption of water. • Goal of 10% net reduction, to be achieved through: • Thoughtful building use • Education and outreach • Infrastructure improvements • Incentive program

28. Thoughtful Building Use • Building Automation System • Scheduling standard operating hours for lights, HVAC • Special events scheduling • Building use recommendations – limit and/or consolidate after-hour and summer events to minimize energy footprint

29. Education/Outreach • Monthly meetings with principals/designees to review energy trends, identify savings opportunities • Sample lesson plans to relate energy/environmental issues to curriculum • “Everyone” emails, with monthly energy savings tips, updates • School Board updates • Presence at Quarterly “Principals Meetings”

30. Incentive Program • Quarterly budgets goals established for utility consumption for each school • Based on historical seasonal and consumption trends • Normalized for fairness to $1.20 per square foot for 12 months

31. Incentive Program • Monthly Most-Efficient School Award • Trophy  • Lunch for staff • Competition fierce!

32. First-Year Results • Consumption reductions by utility type • Electricity 11% • Natural gas 16% • Water 22% • Total utility expenditures ~$160K less than previous fiscal year, despite 8% net increase in utility prices • Disbursements to Schools - $45,337 • After disbursements, ended FY06-07 under budget ~$62K

33. Continuing Results

34. Thank you!