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PREPARATION METHODS OF AYURVEDIC MEDICINES

PREPARATION METHODS OF AYURVEDIC MEDICINES. A. Dosage forms indicating the disease to cure. 1. Amavata-modaka -used in treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis 2. Jwarantaka-vati -used in treatment of childbirth fever. AYURVEDIC DOSAGE FORMS. B. Dosage forms indicating the property of the

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PREPARATION METHODS OF AYURVEDIC MEDICINES

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  1. PREPARATION METHODS OF AYURVEDIC MEDICINES

  2. A. Dosage forms indicating the disease to cure.1.Amavata-modaka-used in treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis2.Jwarantaka-vati -used in treatment of childbirth fever AYURVEDIC DOSAGE FORMS

  3. B. Dosage forms indicating the property of the preparation. 1. Mritsanjivani-sura -usedin treating insomnia 2. Mahasugandhi-taila -scented oil, used for beautiful hair 3. Kaameshwara-modaka -prescribed in sexual debility 4. Amrita-taila -used in treatment of osteoarthritis

  4. C. Dosage forms indicating the drug contained. 1. Shatavari-taila -useful in neuro-muscular disorders 2. Draksha-asava -improves digestion and respiratory functions 3. Haritaki-avaleha -treatment for hay fever 4. Lasuna-ghrita -used in treatment of joints pain and intestinal tumor

  5. D. Dosage forms indicating the name of god, goddess or rishi. 1. Bhaskara-churna -It is carminative and gastric stimulant 2. Vaidyanath-vati -used in treating fever 3. Dhanvantri-ghrita -used in Diabetes, urinary complaints, boils, anaemia, abcess, spleen enlagement and oedema 4. Narayana-taila -recommended for consumption rheumatism and as an enema in dysentery and anal fistulae

  6. EXTRACTION • Simple expressions • Infusion • Decoction (Kwatha) • Digestion or Pachana • Soft extract or Avaleha • Maceration or Bhawana • Hot extraction or Putapaka • Milk decoction or Kshirapaka • Medicated oils and clarified butter

  7. 1. Simple expressions Drug taken in motar and pestle Strained through muslin cloth Swarasa

  8. 2. Infusion Infusing drug either in cold or hot water Strained after 12 hours

  9. 3. Decoction (Kwatha) 1 part of drug 16 parts of water Reduced to 1/4th of its bulk

  10. 4. Digestion or Pachana It is similar to decoction process however it is continued for much longer time

  11. 5. Soft extract or Avaleha It is a process of concentration of a decoction till an extract of soft consistency is obtained

  12. 6. Maceration or Bhawana Powdered drug Macerated with fresh juice of drug or several drugs Kept till the fluid is soaked into the solid

  13. 7. Hot extraction or Putapaka Wrapped in Jambolan leaves and sealed with clay Drug pulp Roasted into fire of cow-dung cakes Partially dried pulp is expressed out for juice

  14. 8. Milk decoction or Kshirapaka 1 part drug 8 parts of milk 32 parts of water Boiled till water gets evaporated

  15. 9. Medicated oils and clarified butter Digesting the drug or juices with oil or ghee Medicated oil

  16. FERMENTATION • Acetous fermentation • Spiritous fermentation • Confection or khandapaka making • Gruel or yavagu

  17. 1. Acetous fermentation Soaked in 4 times its weight of water for a fortnight Paddy Clear and transparent liquid is strained,preserved as Kanjika

  18. 2. Spiritous fermentation Powdered drug Water Honey Earthen vat for fermentation process

  19. 3. Confection or khandapaka making Sugar syrup Powdered drug Digesting powdered drug with syrup

  20. 4. Gruel or yavagu Mixture of powdered drug and rice Boiled in water Thick pasty mass

  21. APPARATUS AND PROCEDURES • Dolayantram • Svedaniyantram • Dhupayantram • Patanayantram • Adhaspatanayantram • Tiryakapathanyantram • Vidyadharyantram • Putas • Mahaputa • Musha • Hamspakayantram

  22. 1. Dolayantram Inverted vessel (2nd vessel) glass rod (for hanging cloth bag) drug under treatment containing in a cloth bag Vessel partially filled with water or other liquid (1st vessel)

  23. 2. Svedaniyantram Inverted vessel (2nd vessel) Drug placed on a piece of cloth, which is tied over the mouth of 1st vessel Vessel containing water (1st vessel)

  24. 3. Dhupayantram Inverted vessel (2nd vessel) Gold or silver leaves placed on iron bar lattice Mixture of gold or silver leaves and sulphur placed in 1st vessel

  25. Gold leaf Silver Leaf

  26. 4. Patanayantram Inverted vessel (2nd vessel) for collecting vapours Joint sealed with mixture of lime, sugar, iron rust and milk Vessel containing drug, to undergo sublimation

  27. 5. Adhaspatanayantram ( Bhudharayantram ) Cow-dung cakes to supply heat Inner surface of the vessel is plastered with medicinal substance Underground vessel containing water

  28. 2 3 1 Adhaspatanayantram 6 4 5

  29. 6. Tiryakapathanyantram Still Bamboo pipe Receiver Mouths of vessels are closed with earthen dishes and and sealed with clay or flour

  30. 7. Vidyadharyantram Upper vessel containing water, to offer cold surface, for subliming mercury Lower vessel containing Cinnabar

  31. 8. Putas • It is a type of furnace used for roasting or incineration or ashing or calcinations. • A puta is a cubicle pit dug in the ground and charred mostly with cow-dung cakes and sometimes with charcoal and paddy husk, etc. • When the puta is half filled with the fuel, the crucible containing the roasting material and covered with either a lid or another inverted crucible, is placed in it. • The remaining upper half is filled with cow-dung cakes and fire is set to the fuel and the heating begins.

  32. 9.Mahaputa • Mahaputa: It measures 2 cubits each in length, breadth and depth. It is charged with 1000 cow-dung cakes, that is 500 below and 500 above the crucible. • Gajputa is only 30 angulies (fingers) in length, breadth and depth, whereas • Kakkutaputa is 16 angulies in length, breadth and depth. • Laghuputa is much smaller in size and is charged with 8 cow-dung cakes only.

  33. 1 2 3 5 4 Putas

  34. 10.Musha Musha means ‘a crucible’. Andha-musha means a blind crucible and is equivalent to a ‘crucible with lid’.

  35. 11. Hamspakayantram Sand is contained in an earthen saucer over which is placed another earthen dish and gentle heat is applied to the lower saucer whereas the substance to be heated is kept in the upper dish.

  36. 1. Asava and arista VARIOUS AYURVEDIC DOSAGE FORMS Asavas and Aristas are medicinal preparations made by soaking the drugs either in powder form or in the form of decoction (kasaya), in a solution of sugar or jaggery, for a specified period of time.

  37. Arista Asava Kasaya or Infusion Powdered drug Fermentation vessel containing syrup made up of sugar, jaggery or honey and water At room temp The fluid is decanted and strained after 2-3 days When the fine suspended particles settle down,it is strained and bottled

  38. Examples of commonly used Asavas and Aristas are: Asavas – • Arvindasava - Useful in all types of Pediatric diseases in children. Also is an appetizer for the children • Kumaryasava - Acts as aphrodisiac, relives pain and abdominal disorder, urinary disorder and hemorrhagic disorder Aristas – • Balarista- It is salutary as a general tonic and more useful in thin individuals than obese persons, suffering from vata diseases due to tissue depletion. • Dasmularista - given for treatment of childbirth fever.

  39. 2. Arka Arka is a liquid preparation obtained by distillation of certain liquids or drugs soaked in water using any convenient distillation apparatus.

  40. Method of preparation • The drugs are cleaned & powdered. • Some quantity of water is add to the drugs for soaking and kept over-night. • Softened the drugs upon boiling removes the essential volatile principles. • The following morning it is poured into the distillation apparatus and the remaining water is added and boiled. • The vapours condensed and collected in a receiver.

  41. Commonly used Arkas include • Ajamodarka – Used as appetizer, digestive etc. • Karpuradyarka - Used in treatment of Rheumatism and carbuncle.

  42. 3. Avaleha Avaleha is a semi-solid preparation of drugs prepared with the addition of jaggery or sugar-candy and boiled with prescribed drug juice or decoction.

  43. Method of Preparation + Jaggery, sugar or sugar-candy = Kasaya or other liquids Boiled to make a syrup To this syrup Powdered drug is added in small quantities & stirred continuosly and vigoruosly Ghee or oil is added, if required Honey is added when the preparation is cool and mixed well

  44. Examples of commonly used Avaleha are • Draksavaleha - Hyper Acidity, Dyspepsia, Heart Burn • Kutajavaleha- Used in diarrhea, dysentery, colitis and bleeding problems.

  45. Syrup Preparation + = Sugar Syrup Kasaya

  46. Syrup Powdered drug Honey

  47. 4. Ghrita Ghritas are preparations in which ghee is boiled with prescribed kasayas (decoction) and kalkas of drugs according to the formula.

  48. Method of Preparation 16 parts Drava-dravya 1 Part Kalka 4 parts Sneha

  49. Commonly used ghritas includes • Amrita Ghrita -useful in gout and skin disorders. • Triphala Ghrita - Eye disorders like night blindness, irritation in eye, growth in eye and provides nutrition to eye

  50. 5. Churna Churna is a fine powder of drug or drugs. Drugs mentioned in the Yoga are cleaned and dried properly. They are finely powdered and sieved. If more than one drug are present then each one is separately powdered, sieved, accurately weighed and then all mixed together.

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