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Class: Aves

Class: Aves. Marine Birds. Characteristics. Depend on the ocean for survival Lightweight bones Return to land to breed. Endothermic = create their own body heat 3 Types of feathers: 1- Down = small, fluffy, closest to skin, for warmth.

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Class: Aves

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  1. Class: Aves Marine Birds

  2. Characteristics • Depend on the ocean for survival • Lightweight bones • Return to land to breed. • Endothermic = create their own body heat • 3 Types of feathers: • 1- Down = small, fluffy, closest to skin, for warmth. • 2- Contour = larger, cover wings and body, for flight. • 3- Powder = Repel water, protect the down

  3. http://www.birds.cornell.edu/ • Online Bird Guide

  4. Bird Orders • Class Aves broken into 29 orders • All orders end in –iformes • Ex. Pelecaniformes- Pelicans (totipalmate swimmers) • Ex. Passeriformes- Songbirds

  5. Diving Pelagic Birds • Open-ocean birds, spend most of their lives at sea • Puffins, petrels, shearwaters, albatross • Migrate thousands of km each year

  6. Large nostrils located in short tubes on sides/top of bill • Spend most of life at sea • Come to land only to breed • Wandering Albatross-Largest wingspan of all living birds (nearly 12 feet)

  7. Wandering Albatross

  8. Wandering Albatross chick

  9. Shearwater

  10. Penguins • Can dive down 800 meters for food • Flightless, marine, pelagic, swimming and diving birds • The Emperor Penguin is the largest @ 4ft, 75lb

  11. Penguins • The most aquatic of all marine birds • 15 species (all are in the Southern Hemisphere) • No contour feather (can’t fly) • Thick layer of fat and dense down feathers • Excellent swimmers/divers • Eyes adapted for underwater vision • Both males and females take care of watching the egg and chicks

  12. Babies Adelie Penguins Emperor Penguins

  13. Rockhopper Penguin King Penguins

  14. Penguin

  15. Totipalmate Swimmers • All 4 toes are webbed • Pelicans, Gannets, Cormorants& Frigatebirds • Some breathe through their mouth (nasal openings are closed)

  16. American White Pelican

  17. Blue-footed Booby

  18. Long-legged Waders • Herons, Egrets, Ibises, Spoonbills, Storks & Vultures • Herons & Egrets have S shaped neck in flight

  19. Herons & Egrets have S shaped neck in flight

  20. Storks hold neck extended in flight

  21. Bird populations decreased because of plume hunters (1902-1903) • Fashionable for women to wear feathers in their hats • 4 birds=1 ounce ($32/oz)

  22. 1,608 packages of plumes in a commercial sales room in 1902 • Each package weighed 30 oz totaling 48,240 oz • Required the lives of 192,960 herons

  23. Flamingos • Pink plumage due to carotenoids obtained from food, cyanobacteria • Most unusual feature is the bent bill held upside down to feed

  24. At one time occurred naturally in the state of Florida • Nest made on a cone shaped pedestal of mud • Young swim day of hatching

  25. Flamingo

  26. Marsh birds • Crane, Coots & Moorhens • Losing more species of birds than any major order of birds • The Whooping Crane is the tallest American bird

  27. Whooping Crane & chick

  28. Sandhill Crane -More commonly seen

  29. Roseate Spoonbill

  30. Shorebirds • Much diversity • Divers, skimmers, waders • Lakes, coastal waters, beaches, meadows

  31. Shorebirds • Sandpiper – narrow, pointed bill • Snowy egret – long, flexible neck • Roseate Spoonbill • Sea ducks • Sea Gull - scavengers

  32. American Avocet

  33. Diurnal Birds of Prey • Hawks, Eagles, Kites & Ospreys • Have short, decurved hooked beaks • Excellent eyesight • Feed on birds, mammals, fish or reptiles

  34. Osprey

  35. Kingfishers • Large heads with spearlike bills • Dive straight into water for fish

  36. Belted Kingfisher

  37. Perching Birds • All the Songbirds • Ex. Cardinals, Jays, Wrens, Warblers, etc. • Includes Loggerhead Shrike & Florida Scrub Jay

  38. Feather Anatomy

  39. What is preening? • Definition: Preening is the process by which birds groom and care for their feathers. When a bird is preening, she uses her beak to pick through her feathers -- removing any debris, arranging feathers that are out of place, and distributing a special oil that is secreted from a gland at the base of the tail. This oil helps a bird's feathers stay healthy and shiny.

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