Things We’ll Learn About

1. Things We’ll Learn About • Chapters • Preamble • The Primordial World • The Creation of the Earth • The Creation of the Animals • The Fall of the Animals • The Creation of the Mud Person (And Their Fall) • The Creation of the Effigies of Carved Wood • The Fall of the Effigies of the Carved Wood • Subjects • Summary / Context • AmsalWajihuddin • Compare and Contrast • Claudia Ramirez • Association • Ariel Reynante • Analysis • Andaru Iman

2. Preamble • It all began in the “citadel of the Quiche” (59) • The Framer and The Shaper “sowed and dawned” humanity. (60) • “He Who Has Begotten Sons” and “She Who Has Borne Children” along with Sovereign and Quetzal Serpent, Creator of Earth and The Sky (61) • The authors wrote their account under “the law of God and Christianity” (64) • The Earth was germinated and 4 corners were laid out. • Cord was passed through these corners to measure the boundaries and allow land. (65) • Later “Breath and Heart” was given to the children of light. (66)

3. The Primordial World • “All alone the sky exists. The Face of The Earth has not yet appeared” (67) • “All is at rest. Nothing Stirs” (67) • The Framer, Shaper, Sovereign and Quetzal Serpent, TWHBC and TWHBSL make up the Quetzal Serpent. Great Knowledge (69) • Heart of Sky (Huracan) Name of the god (69)

4. The Creation Of The Earth • Heart of Sky made an accord with Quetzal Serpent and Sovereign and give birth to humanity. (70) • 1st: Thunderbolt Huracan, 2nd: Youngest Thunderbolt, 3rd: Sudden Thunderbolt (70) • Earth was brought into creation just by saying the word. (71) • The Earth was created, valleys next. The waters were divided to reveal the mountains. (73)

5. The Creation of Animals • “The Guardians of the Forest” populated the mountains-deer, birds, pumas, jaguars, serpents. (74) • Deer on courses of rivers and birds on trees. (74) • Homes provided for shelter and to multiply inside. (75)

6. Fall Of The Animals • The Deer and Birds were commanded to speak and worship the Framer and the Shaper. (76) • The creatures squawked, chattered and roared incomprehensible speech. (76) • The Framer and Shaper decide to replace them with those “who will give honor” (77)

7. The Creation Of The Mud Person • “Of Earth and Mud was its flesh composed” (78) • Fell apart, crumbled because it could not move, multiply etc. (78) • Framer and Shaper ditched idea altogether. (79) • The Framer and the Shaper ask Xpiyaoc and Xmucane to “try a diviniation” (79)

8. Creation of The Effigies of Carved Wood • Huracan and Co. speak with Master of Days and Mistress of Shaping. (80) • Effigies in human form created using tz’ite wood. (80) • The effigies populated the earth. They looked and spoke like humans. (82) • They did not possess minds or hearts. (83) • They spoke but could not comprehend the demands of worship.(83-84)

9. Fall Of The Effigies Of Carved Wood • The Effigies were wiped out using brutal and grotesque techniques (85). • The Dogs, Pots, Effigies cruelly crushed the faces of the framed and shaped people; just as they had been crushed. (88-89) • Spider-monkeys were thought to be descendants of The Shaped and The Carved but are instead only effigies. (90)

10. Comparing and Contrasing polytheism vs monotheism PopulVuhvs Greek Mythology vsChristianity vs Muslim Religions

11. Similarities PopulVuh and Greek Mythology • Polytheism • Both have a principal God: Zues and Heart of Sky • The purpose of mankind was for people to worship and prey to them • The creation of mankind was a “plan” that 2 or more Gods “created” (Prometheus wise titan and Epimetheus stupid titan) • Heart of Sky are “sudden/youngest’’ lightning Zues uses thunderbolts to destroy Titans sybolism

12. Differences between PopulVuh and Greek Mythology • PopulVuh in the beginning all is silent, calm, hush, • Greek Mythology everything was darkness chaos, void • PopulVuh All the Gods existed they did not have offspring • Greek Mythology In the beginning a bird with black wings laid golden egg gave birth to Eros love God • Alternative- Gaea (earth) mated with her son Uranus gave birth to titans, Gods, Cyclopes, Hectaonchiers

13. Similarities between PopulVuh Christian/Muslim Religion • In the beginning everything was calm • Islam, man was made from 7 colored soils to mold a man, PopulVuh “molded” out of an element also (clay mud people) • Christians, Muslim God/Gods want to be worshiped • Christian God took 6 days to create everything PopulVuh took many tires to make humans • Gods are all knowing and powerful get “angry” send floods, winds other natural disasters “wrath of God/Gods”

14. Differences between PopulVuh and Christian/Muslim Religions • Mono/Poly Theism • PopulVuh had many attempts to making “people” who worshiped them • God’s “word” vsPopulVuh “pondoured” Gods all need each other God “omnipotent” • Dwelling place of humans Paradise/Heaven (Muslims/ Christians) vs Earth (PopulVuh)

15. Things To Think About • Why do all three religions have some type of punishment of humanity? • Why do some religions promise an after life while others promise rewards in this life? • Do you think people were “created” • Dust vs oxygen carbon hydrogen nitrogen calcium and phosphorus • What is the purpose of all religions, their threats punishments and rewards?

16. Associations

17. The deities in PopolVuh have many names Some of the names for “the Maker, Modeler, named Bearer, Begetter, HunahpuPossum, Hunahpu Coyote, Great White Peccary, Tapir, the 1st Creator(s) are: Sovereign Plumed Serpent, Heart of the Lake, Heart of the Sea Maker of the Blue-Green Plate, Maker of the Blue-Green Bowl,” • Judiasm has 72 names for G-d • According to 'the Prophet Mohammed’s [teachings]: “The Most High God has 99 names and whoever enumerates them will enter into paradise.”‘ • The Hindu scripture Mahabharata contains a thousand names of Vishnu.

18. The decedents of the Wood People (a previous human design) are the Monkeys of Today -this is why they look like Humans. Phylogeneticly one could say that Monkeys are the decedents of a common ancestor that easily could have become today’s humans

19. Analysis • Why? • How? • Thesis: The Mayan religion has a great effect on Mayan Culture. • Who? • What?

20. God Worship • The Gods destroyed their living creations for not being able to worship them • Happened to Animals, Mud people, and Wood people • Human/Animal Sacrifice • Death • Blood Sacrifice • Blood-letting: peasants and aristocracy • Importance of Time

21. Thoughts about Water • The Primordial World • “Only the expanse of the water, only the tranquil sea lies alone.” (67) • Maya consider Lakes or Oceans to be the water of creation from which all things emerged • Lake Atitlan • Ceremonies involving swimming in underwater caves

22. Art • The importance of faces • “grind and chisel out its mouth and face in wood.” (81) • “their faces were ground up” (86) • “Their faces were crushed” (87) • “Thus their faces were crushed.” (88) • “The mouths and the faces of all of them were ruined and crushed.” (89) • The Maya people put great value to unique things because the Gods did too • Weaving • Unique to each village • Ceramics • Reveal stories of rulers, rituals, or the Maya creation myth • Masks • Symbol of Divinity

23. Maya Weave Patterns San Lorenzo Zinacantan

24. Ceramic Heads The Deity Head of the Jaguar God of the Underworld A Porcupine

25. Pottery Bats in the Caves leading to the Underworld

26. Maya Masks The Sun God

27. Work Cited • Christenson, Allen J. PopolVuh: The Sacred Book of the Maya. Norman: University of Oklahoma, 2007. Print. • Klein, Julia M. "Ancient Mayan Pottery and Politics." The Wall Street Journal. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Jan. 2010. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. <http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124146466479284317.html#slide/1>. • "Mayan Art." Experience the Mayans Journey. Mayan Travel Guide. Web. 16 Apr. 2012. <http://www.mayantravelguide.com/mayan-art.html>. • "THE MAYANS AND THEIR IMPACT ON OUR SOCIETY." THE MAYANS. Nacaome. Web. 16 Apr. 2012. <http://nacaome.tripod.com/sciencefair/mayans.html>. • Edwb.sdsu.edu • Letusreason.org • Answering-islam.org • Aish Stacey “The Story of Adam”. Islamreligion.com. 2006. web access 04/12/12 • SULLIVAN, . "The 99 Names of God." American Record Guide. 73.1 (2010). Print. • Wilson, Andrew. World Scripture: A Comparative Anthology of Sacred Texts. New York: International Religious Foundation, 1991. Print. • http://www.newswise.com/images/uploads/2009/10/22/lemur3_h.jpg • http://www2.fiu.edu/~northupl/populvuh.html