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Computer Supported Cooperative Work

Computer Supported Cooperative Work. Saul Greenberg Professor Department of Computer Science University of Calgary. I work with people. Motivation. I work by myself. In the Near Future. Computers will be ubiquitous Computers will be inter-connected Result

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Computer Supported Cooperative Work

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  1. Computer SupportedCooperative Work Saul GreenbergProfessor Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Calgary

  2. I work withpeople Motivation I work by myself

  3. In the Near Future • Computers will be ubiquitous • Computers will be inter-connected • Result • through their computers, people will be able to • communicate • work together

  4. Histories of Polybius 2000 B.C. in the year • Let those who wish to communicate any matter of pressing importance to each other by fire-signals prepare two earthenware pots of exactly equal size both as to diameter and depth. Let the depth be 3 cubits, the diameter one…

  5. Buck Rogers 2429 A.D. in the year

  6. Definitions / Research Goals Groupware • software that supports group work • investigate algorithms & architectures fundamental to multi-user systems Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) • knowledge about the context of groupware design • investigate individual/group/organizational requirements for multi-user systems feedback

  7. Perspectives • Why pursue collaboration through computers? • consider massive change to society of: • printing press • telephone • facsimiles • electronic mail • world wide web

  8. same time different times same place remote interactions video conferencing walls & hallways desktop conferencing shared views shared drawing/editors... differentplaces The Groupware Paradigm & Technologies continuous task team rooms group displays shift work groupware project management face to face interactions public computer screens decision rooms brainstorming tools communication+coordination email bulletin boards asynchronous conferencing schedulers version control...

  9. Anytime, any place groupware same time different times same place differentplaces

  10. Mmmm mmm mmmm mm mmm mmmmm m mmm. Mm mmmm mm. Mmmmm mmm. Focus: Real Time Distributed Meetings • One or more participants are in different locations • Telepresence • can we give participants a sense they are in the same room? • Teledata • how can participants interact over their work artifacts? • Casual Interaction • how can participants get in touch with each other?

  11. Telepresence • Giving participants a sense they are in the same room • 1. Video Conferencing Rooms • dedicated meeting rooms joined by audio & video • ‘heavy weight’ to use • talking heads

  12. Telepresence • Giving participants a sense they are in the same room • 2. Media spaces • digitally switched “ubiquitous” audio and video on personal computers

  13. Telepresence • Giving participants a sense they are in the same room • Videos: • Digitally switched video technology • Pandora (Olivetti) • Eye contact, gestures and body language • Talking heads (MIT) • Magik (Keio University) • GestureCam (University of Tsukuba)

  14. Size and Quality what is the image fidelity? Scalability how do I show several people? Camera positioning, focusing am I centered in the view of the camera? Eye contact is the other person looking at me? Body language can I see subtle body motions? Gaze awareness can I tell where the other person is looking? Gestures tied to artifacts can I gesture around objects Reciprocity if I can see them, can they see me? Telepresence Issues

  15. Teledata • Letting participants interact over their work artifacts • Shared visual workspaces • views of computer artifacts are shared in real time

  16. GroupSketch (Calgary) • Identical views, gestures, simultaneous activity

  17. Supporting awareness when views are not identical

  18. Supporting Awareness (Calgary)

  19. Supporting both telepresence and teledata (NTT)

  20. Casual Interaction and Awareness • Questions • who is around? • are they available now? • can they be interrupted? • how can I initiate contact?

  21. The problem • Groupware can only work after people make contact with each other ?

  22. Current approaches • Glancing into offices via Montage (Sun Microsystems) What I see

  23. Current Approaches • Video walls (Bellcore)

  24. Current approaches • Periodic Snapshots Mark’s office (3:05pm) Mary’s office (3:01pm) Deen’s office (now)

  25. Current Approaches • Iconic indicators (Calgary)

  26. Current Approaches • Iconic indicators

  27. Current Approaches • Active badges (Olivetti)

  28. Current Approaches • Digital but physical surrogates (Calgary and Tsukuba)

  29. The Message • In the near future • people will regularly communicate and work together through computers through groupware • Groupware design requires • technical know-how • deep knowledge of the human + social factors behind communication • telepresence • teledata • awareness and casual interaction

  30. Team Rooms

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