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IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies

IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS. Rainer Maderthaner. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS. IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies. OVERVIEW.

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IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies

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  1. IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS Rainer Maderthaner

  2. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies OVERVIEW • Sustainability (definition, conferences, principles) • Local Agenda 21 (ICLEI, Austria) • The Viennese LA 21 Model • General aspects of participation • Participatory evaluation (preliminaries) • Conclusion Rainer Maderthaner

  3. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Problem of Definition „Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the presentwithout compromising the ability of future!“ (Brundtland report: Our Common Future”, World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987). Definitions of sustainability depend on - the sizes of the described systems (global, national, regional, local scale), - the selected target sectors (energy, transport, industry, agriculture, forestry, tourism), and - the scientific or professional perspective of the defining person. UN Conference on the Environment and Development (UNCED) Rio de Janeiro in 1992: Agenda 21 Rainer Maderthaner

  4. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies EUROCONFERENCE 1999-2000 Austria Research Centers Seibersdorf - Institut für Psychologie (Universität Wien) QUALITY OF LIFE - SUSTAINABILITY - ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES 1. Event: Environmental behaviour and quality of life: Ecological, sociological, psychological and communicational indicators of sustainability 2. Event: Exchange processes: Societal, institutional and political determinants guiding environmental behaviour and processing environmental knowledge within society 3. Event:Present and future measures and possible intervention mechanisms regarding global and local changes • Many competing indicator systems (no integration) • Many models of societal and environmental systems • Few knowledge about the effectivity and efficency of measures Rainer Maderthaner

  5. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies LAW OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT* General Principles * Report for the European Commission, Environment Directorate-General, European Communities, 2000 Rainer Maderthaner

  6. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies ICLEI International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives „Local Agenda 21 is the action plan for a sustainable development of a municipality, set up by local authority together with the local stakeholders and citizens.“ 2003: More than 5000 municipalities worldwide are engaged in LA 21 processes • Microlevel of intervention (small costs) • Democratic approach (negotiation of interests) • Small scale sustainability (community scope) Rainer Maderthaner

  7. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies AUSTRIAN SUSTAINABILITY SUMMIT 2003 2003: 149 municipalities of Austria were engaged in LA 21 processes (7%) Rainer Maderthaner

  8. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies VIENNIES CONDITIONS 1996: Vienna signed the Aalborg Charter 1998: Pilot project „LA 21 Alsergrund“ 2002: Founding of the „LA 21 Association Vienna“ • The Viennese districts are very different in: • starting conditions • quality of life • available actions • There is not only one way to sustainablility! Rainer Maderthaner

  9. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies PRINCIPLES OF LA 21 IN VIENNA • Sustainable urban planning (district analysis, urban diagnosis, development potentials) • Intense and broad participation (gender mainstreaming & integration) • The LA 21 as a long-term, lasting process • New relationships between polititians, administration and citizens • Public funding (city 50%, district 50%) Rainer Maderthaner

  10. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies THE VIENNESE LA 21 MODEL http://www.la21wien.at/Plone/ Rainer Maderthaner

  11. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies AGENDA OFFICES AT DISTRICT LEVEL Rainer Maderthaner

  12. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies Rainer Maderthaner

  13. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies Rainer Maderthaner

  14. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies INFORMATION DISSEMINATION Rainer Maderthaner

  15. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies TOPICS OF RUNNING PROJECTS Rainer Maderthaner

  16. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies POSITIVE EFFECTS OF PARTICIPATION 1. Broad exchange of information 2. Increase in motivation to cooperate 3. Intensification of social engagement (empathy) 4. Increase of empowerment („help for self-help“) 5. Consolidation of social cohesion (place identity) 6. Improvement of democratic consciousness 7. Efficient and sustainable solution of local problems (e.g. by mediated or moderated processes) Rainer Maderthaner

  17. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF PARTICIPATION 1. Sometimes important problems are covered by shallow ones (e.g unemployment, traffic, urban sprawl) 2. Participation can create unrealistic expectations (e.g. unlimited mobility, urban sprawl) 3. Inefficient planning of participation generates learned helplessness (e.g. unattainable goals) 4. Group discussions allow self-exposers to be in the spotlight 6. Participation processes can be vehicles of persuasion (e.g. peer pressure, majority-minority-conflicts)) 7. Participation as populistic action (e.g. pretending democratic attitudes) Rainer Maderthaner

  18. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies BASIC PROBLEMS OF EVALUATION PROCESSES • The huge complexity of ecological, societal and economic systems complicate their description • Available indicator systems often are discrepant, controversial, and their application ist expensive • There is no simulation model of development which is accepted by polititians and scientists likewise • Every evaluation process is - implicitly or explicitly - based on systems of values • More accentuation of processes than of states and results Rainer Maderthaner

  19. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION* (From effect evaluation to process evaluation) • SELECTED EVALUATION FEATURES • Goal setting (spectrum of alternatives) • Communication (polititians – citizens, immigrants, ethnic minorities) • Stakeholder involvment (diversity of concerned persons) • Institutional embedding (administration and representative politics) • Process organisation (effectiveness, efficiency) *Bauert & Kaufmann-Hayos (2003): Participatory Evaluation of Local Agenda 21 Processes. European Conference – Evaluation of Sustainability, May 15-17, 2003, Vienna. Rainer Maderthaner

  20. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies EVALUATION OF LA 21 IN VIENNA Results of the Evaluation Workshops 2004 • Mainly process evaluation (instead of input/output evaluation) • Transparency of the design and comprehensibility of results • Intending reflections and learning processes about participation • Coaching function for participants of LA 21 processes • Accentuation of positive versus negativ feedback Rainer Maderthaner

  21. PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION OF LA 21 PROJECTS IAPS International Association for People-Environment Studies CONCLUSION • Sustainability is a value-laden concept which often implies different goals, and which can be archieved by different paths • Participants of LA 21 actors (policy makers, business men, scientists, citizens) have specific habits, lifestyles and ideological positions which have to be integrated • Different interpretations of basic needs, goals, prosperity, health, and quality of life require political negotations • It is fair to keep in mind that exchanging views about sustainability means also - more or less - an ideological competition about the preferred way of life. An evaluation of the development of municipalities never can be exclusively an objective assessment and have therefore to take into consideration participatory principles Rainer Maderthaner

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