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More XML XML schema, XPATH, XSLT

More XML XML schema, XPATH, XSLT. CS 431 – February 21, 2005 Carl Lagoze – Cornell University. acknowledgements to http://www.w3schools.com/schema/default.asp. xHTML. HTML “expressed” in XML Corrects defects in HTML All tags closed Proper nesting Case sensitive (all tags lower case)

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More XML XML schema, XPATH, XSLT

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  1. More XMLXML schema, XPATH, XSLT CS 431 – February 21, 2005 Carl Lagoze – Cornell University acknowledgements tohttp://www.w3schools.com/schema/default.asp

  2. xHTML • HTML “expressed” in XML • Corrects defects in HTML • All tags closed • Proper nesting • Case sensitive (all tags lower case) • Strict well-formedness • Defined by a DTD • <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> • <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

  3. xHTML (cont.) • All new HTML SHOULD be xHTML • W3C validator • http://validator.w3.org • Tidy • http://sourceforge.net/projects/jtidy

  4. Semantic Web Xpath Data Decomposition RDF Semantic Relationships XSLT Data Transformation OWL Concept Building Schema Type Definition Namespaces Concept Integration Traditional Library Central control Uniform expertise Traditional Web Distributed, interlinked Viewable Documents XML Markup Syntax URIs Name Convention HTTP Access Method A little context DTD Tag Sets

  5. XML Schema Define… • elements • attributes • Nesting structure (parent/child rela.) • Sibling sequence • Sibling cardinality • Presence or absence of text values • Element and attribute data types • Element and attribute default values

  6. Structure of a schema • well-formed xml document • elements are in schema namespace • root is <schema> element

  7. Instantiation of a schema • Note namespaces!!

  8. Simple vs. Complex Values • Element with complex value contains other elements (has children) • Element with simple value does not have children (e.g. text).

  9. Simple Value Types • Restriction on type of content • Syntax • <xs:element name=“xxx” type=“yyy”/> • Examples • <xs:element name=“lastname” type=“xs:string”/> • <xs:element name=“age” type=“xs:number”/> • <xs:element name=“age” type=“xs:date”/>

  10. Facets • Restrictions on values within type context • Examples

  11. String types and patterns

  12. Simple Example • Memo Schema • http://www.cs.cornell.edu/lagoze/courses/CS431/2005sp/Examples/Lecture9/memo.xsd • Instance Document • http://www.cs.cornell.edu/lagoze/courses/CS431/2005sp/Examples/Lecture9/memo.xml

  13. Complex Types • Type definition defines elements nesting

  14. Controls on complex types • sequence – specific order • all – any order • choice – only one • cardinality – minOccurs, maxOccurs

  15. Complex Type Extension • Add values to sequence

  16. Mixed Content

  17. Declaring attributes • Define type • xs:string • xs:decimal • xs:integer • xs:boolean • xs:date • xs:time • Define optional or required

  18. Use of attributes • Always a complex type

  19. Type Reuse

  20. Type Reuse Example • Address schema • http://www.cs.cornell.edu/lagoze/courses/CS431/2005sp/Examples/Lecture9/address.xsd • Person schema • http://www.cs.cornell.edu/lagoze/courses/CS431/2005sp/Examples/Lecture9/person.xsd • Instance document • http://www.cs.cornell.edu/lagoze/courses/CS431/2005sp/Examples/Lecture9/person.xml

  21. XPath • Language for addressing parts of an XML document • XSLT • Xpointer • Tree model similar to DOM • W3C Recommendation (1999) • http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath

  22. Xpath Concepts • Context Node • current node in XML document that is basis of path evaluation • Default to root • Location Steps – selection from context node • Axis – sub-tree(s) selection from context node • Node Test – select specific elements or node type(s) • Predicates – predicate for filtering after axis and node tests

  23. Axis • child: all children of context • descendent: all children, grandchildren, … • parent: • ancestor

  24. Node Test • Element name: e.g. “Book” • Wildcard: * • Type(): where type is “node”, “text”, etc.

  25. Predicate • Boolean and comparative operators • Types • Numbers • Strings • node-sets • Functions • Examples • boolean starts-with(string, string) • number count(node-set)

  26. Combining all into a location set specification • Syntax: axis::node-test[predicate] • Examples: • child::Book[position() <= 3] – first three <Book> child elements of context • child::Book/attribute::color – “color” attributes of <Book> child elements of context

  27. Abbreviations • Child axis is default • child::Book  Book • Attribute axis  @ • Book[position() = 1]/@color • “.” (self), “..” (parent), “//” (descendent-or-self) • position() = n  n • Example • Book[2]/@color

  28. XML Transformations (XSLT) • Origins: separate rendering from data • Roots in CSS • W3C Recommendation • http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt • Generalized notion of transformation for: • Multiple renderings • Structural transformation between different languages • Dynamic documents • XSLT – rule-based (declarative) language for transformations

  29. XSLT Capabilities • Generate constant text • Filter out content • Change tree ordering • Duplicate nodes • Sort nodes • Any computational task (XSLT is “turing complete”)

  30. XSLT Processing Model XSLT serialize parse Input XMLdoc Parsedtree Xformedtree Outputdoc(xml, html, etc)

  31. XSLT “engine” XML input XSLT Engine (SAXON) Output Document (xml, html, …) XSLT “program”

  32. Stylesheet Document or Program • XML document rooted in <stylesheet> element • Body is set of templates • Xpath expression specifies elements in source tree • Body of template specifies contribution of source elements to result tree • Not sequential execution

  33. Template Form • Elements from xsl namespace are transform instructions • Match attribute value is xpath expression • Non-xsl namespace elements are literals.

  34. A simple example • XML base file • http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Courses/cs502/2002SP/Demos/xslt/simple.xml • XSLT file • http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Courses/cs502/2002SP/Demos/xslt/simple.xsl

  35. XSLT Recursive Programming Style • Document driven, template matching • Conflict resolution rules • Mode setting • <xsl:apply-templates mode=“this”> • <xsl:template match=“foo” mode=“this”> • <xsl:template match=“foo” mode=“that”> • Context setting • <xsl:apply-templates select=“//bar”>

  36. XSLT Procedural Programming • Sequential programming style • Basics • for-each – loop through a set of elements • call-template – like a standard procedure call

  37. For-each programming example • XML base file • http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Courses/cs502/2002SP/Demos/xslt/foreach.xml • XSLT file • http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Courses/cs502/2002SP/Demos/xslt/foreach.xsl

  38. Call-template programming example • XML base file • http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Courses/cs502/2002SP/Demos/xslt/call.xml • XSLT file • http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Courses/cs502/2002SP/Demos/xslt/call.xsl

  39. Result Tree Creation • Literals – any element not in xsl namespace • <xsl:text> - content directly to output • <xsl:value-of> - expression processing • <xsl:copy> and <xsl:copyof> - Copy current node or selected nodes into result tree • <xsl:element> - instantiate an element • <xsl:attribute> - instantiate an attribute

  40. Various other programming constructs • Conditionals • Variables (declaration and use) • Some type conversion • Sorting

  41. Resources • XSLT – WROX Press • ISBN 1-861005-06-7 • W3C XSLT Page • http://www.w3.org/Style/XSL/ • Arbortext XSL Tutorial • http://www.nwalsh.com/docs/tutorials/xsl/

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