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Laurence Wilfred LAURIE BAKER

Laurence Wilfred LAURIE BAKER. PRESENTED BY: MANISH SINGH SWATI SAXENA. LIFE HISTORY. ( March 2 , 1917 – April 1 , 2007 ) British-born Indian architect He went to India in 1945 in part as a missionary and since then lived and worked in India for over 50 years

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Laurence Wilfred LAURIE BAKER

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  1. Laurence Wilfred LAURIE BAKER PRESENTED BY: MANISH SINGH SWATI SAXENA

  2. LIFE HISTORY • (March 2, 1917 – April 1, 2007) British-born Indian architect • He went to India in 1945 in part as a missionary and since then lived and worked in India for over 50 years • . He obtained Indian citizenship in 1989 and resided in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), Kerala. • In 1990, the Government of India awarded him with the Padma Shri in recognition of his meritorious service in the field of architecture.

  3. Baker studied architecture in Birmingham and graduated in 1937, aged 20, in a period of political unrest for Europe. • During the Second World War, he served in the Friends Ambulance Unit in China and Burma.[1]

  4. CONTRIBUTION TO INDIA • worked as an architect for an international and interdenominational Mission dedicated to the care of those suffering from leprosy. • focused on converting or replacing asylums once used to house the ostracized sufferers of the disease - "lepers". • Used indigenous architecture and methods of these places as means to deal with his once daunting problems.

  5. Initial work • Baker lived in Kerala with Doctor P.J. Chandy, • He received great encouragement and later married his sister • while Laurie continued his architectural work and research accommodating the medical needs of the community through his constructions of various hospitals and clinics.

  6. Baker sought to enrich the culture in which he participated by promoting simplicity and home-grown quality in his buildings. • His emphasis on cost-conscious construction, • An ideal that the Mahatma expressed as the only means to revitalize and liberate an impoverished India

  7. PRINCIPLES FOLLOWED BY BAKER THROUGHOUT HIS LIFE

  8. Architectural style • Designing and building low cost, high quality, beautiful homes • Suited to or built for lower-middle to lower class clients. • Irregular, pyramid-like structures on roofs, with one side left open and tilting into the wind.

  9. Brick jali walls, a perforated brick screen which utilises natural air movement to cool the home's interior and create intricate patterns of light and shadow

  10. Baker's designs invariably have traditional Indian sloping roofs and terracottaMangalore tile shingling with gables and vents allowing rising hot air to escape. • Curved walls to enclose more volume at lower material cost than straight walls,

  11. Baker was often seen rummaging through salvage heaps looking for suitable building materials, door and window frames. • Baker's architectural method is of improvisation. • Initial drawings have only an idealistic link to the final construction, with most of the accommodations and design choices being made on-site by the architect himself

  12. His respect for nature led him to let the idiosyncrasies of a site inform his architectural improvisations, rarely is a topography line marred or a tree uprooted. • This saves construction cost as well, since working around difficult site conditions is much more cost-effective than clear-cutting

  13. Baker created a cooling system by placing a high, latticed, brick wall near a pond that uses air pressure differences to draw cool air through the building • . His responsiveness to never-identical site conditions quite obviously allowed for the variegation that permeates his work.

  14. LOW COST CONSTRUCTION Advantages 20-35% Less materials Decorative, Economical & Reduced self-load Almost maintenance free 25-30% Cost Reduction Filler slab Advantages Energy saving & Eco-Friendly compressive roofing. Decorative & Highly Economical Maintenance free Jack Arch

  15. LOW COST CONSTRUCTION • Masonry Dome • Advantages • Energy saving eco-friendly compressive roof. • Decorative & Highly Economical for larges spans. • Maintenance free • Funnicular shell • Advantages • Energy saving eco-friendly compressive roof. • Decorative & Economical • Maintenance free

  16. Low cost constructions • Masonry Arches • Advantages • Traditional spanning sytem. • Highly decorative & economical • Less energy requirement.

  17. Awards • 1981: D.Litt conferred by the Royal University of Netherlands for outstanding work in the Third World • 1983: Order of the British Empire, MBE • 1987: Received the first Indian National Habitat Award • 1988: Received Indian Citizenship • 1989: Indian Institute of Architects Outstanding Architect of the Year • 1990: Received the Padma Sri • 1990: Great Master Architect of the Year • 1992: UNO Habitat Award & UN Roll of Honour • 1993: International Union of Architects (IUA) Award

  18. 1993: Sir Robert Matthew Prize for Improvement of Human Settlements • 1994: People of the Year Award • 1995: Awarded Doctorate from the University of Central England • 1998: Awarded Doctorate from Sri Venkateshwara University • 2001: Coinpar MR Kurup Endowment Award • 2003: BasheerPuraskaram • 2003: D.Litt from the Kerala University • 2005: Kerala Government Certificate of Appreciation • 2006: L-Ramp Award of Excellence • 2006: Nominated from the Pritzker Prize

  19. The Hamlet his residence Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala

  20. The Hamlet • This is Baker's home in Trivandrum. • This is remarkable and unique house built on a plot of land along the slope of a rocky hill, with limited access to water: • However Baker's genius has created a wonderful home for his family

  21. Material used from unconventional sources • Family eats in kitchen • Electricity wiring is not concealed

  22. Drawings GROUND FLOOR FIRST FLOOR

  23. STEPS LEADING UP TO FRONT DOOR

  24. A VIEW FROM THE OPPOSITE SIDE

  25. STEPS DIRECTLY CUT IN ROCK

  26. ENTRANCE HAS SMALL SITTING AREA FOR GUESTS

  27. THE WALL IS DECORATED FROM BROKEN POTTERY, PENS, GLASS

  28. A CALLING BELL FOR VISITORS TO ANNOUNCE THEIR PRESENCE

  29. A MORNING AT HEMLET

  30. USE OF NATURAL LIGHT

  31. USE OF NATURAL LIGHT

  32. INNER COURTYARD …CLOSE TO NATURE

  33. NEVER CUT TREES INSTEAD ADAPTED HIS DESIGN ACCORDINGLY

  34. ARCHES LED INTO A BEAUTIFUL OPEN ROOM

  35. COURTYARD HAS MANY GARDENS AND PONDS Pitched roof made of manglore tiles

  36. BAKER’S FONDNESS OF ARCHES

  37. SIMPLE YET BEAUTIFUL WINDOWS

  38. GABLES FOR PROPER AIR CIRCULATION AND VENTILATION

  39. GRILL MADE OF BITS AND PIECES

  40. CONICAL STRUCTURE USED…

  41. COST EFFECTIVE BAKER’S WINDOW Louvered window typical of baker’s type

  42. STAINED GLASS EFFECT

  43. WATER TANK FOR STORING RAIN HARVESTED WATER

  44. Mrs Nalini Nayak`s residence(A Social Worker) Ulloor, Trivandrum (1971) Requirements:- • Meeting place. • working place (training). • Open spaces. • Classroom & dormitories.

  45. External ViewsGenerous sprawling ground floor with three floor staking of pentagon

  46. The main house is formed by a simple three-floor stacking of the pentagon on nine-inch-thick brick walls • internally each floor divides into the bedroom, bath and landing • The additional segment on the ground, forming the living/dining and kitchen, is structured with bays of half-brick thickness, alternating wall and wall and door

  47. Ground floor plan

  48. 1st Floor Plan

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