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Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases

Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases. Bond Moments and Dipole Moments Formal Charge Resonance Bronsted-Lowry Acid/Base Lewis Acid/Base. Pauling Electronegativity Scale. Electronegativity Trends Ability to Attract the Electrons in a Covalent Bond. Electrostatic Potential Map Cholormethane.

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Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases

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  1. Polar Covalent Bonds;Acids and Bases Bond Moments and Dipole Moments Formal Charge Resonance Bronsted-Lowry Acid/Base Lewis Acid/Base

  2. Pauling Electronegativity Scale

  3. Electronegativity TrendsAbility to Attract the Electrons in a Covalent Bond

  4. Electrostatic Potential MapCholormethane

  5. Opposite polarity in CH3Li

  6. Methanol

  7. Dipole Moment (m) is sum of the Bond Moments

  8. Nonpolar CompoundsBond Moments Cancel Out

  9. NCl3 and BCl3

  10. Nitromethane

  11. Nitromethane has 2 Formal Charges

  12. Bonding Pattens for C, N, and O

  13. Common Cationic, Neutral and Anionic Forms

  14. Both Resonance Structures Contribute to the Actual Structure

  15. Dipole Moment reflects Both Resonance Structures

  16. Curved Arrow Formalism Shows flow of electrons

  17. Resonance Rules • Cannot break single (sigma) bonds • Only electrons move, not atoms 3 possibilities: • Lone pair of e- to adjacent bond position • Forms p bond - p bond to adjacent atom - p bond to adjacent bond position

  18. Resonance Stabilization of IonsPos. charge is “delocalized”

  19. Two Nonequivalent Resonance Structures in Formaldehyde

  20. Resonance in Acetate Anion

  21. Resonance in [CH2NH2]+

  22. Definitions of Acids/Bases

  23. Dissociation in H2OArrhenius Acid forms H3O+Bronsted-Lowry Acid donates a H+

  24. Resonance Stabilization

  25. Measuring Acid StrengthKa

  26. Acid Strength defined by pKa

  27. Stronger Acid Controls Equilibrium

  28. Reaction Described with Arrows

  29. Equilibrium Reactions

  30. Acids Can React with Water

  31. The Effect of Resonance on pKa

  32. Identify the Acid and Base

  33. Equilibrium Favors Reactants

  34. Draw the Conjugate Acid and Base

  35. Propanol is a Base

  36. Draw the Conjugate Acid and Base

  37. Propanol is an Acid

  38. Some Acid-Base Reactions

  39. Carboxylic Acids can be Separated from non-acidic Compounds

  40. Lewis Acids and Bases

  41. Lewis Acid and Base Reactions

  42. Lewis Base = NucleophileLewis Acid = Electrophile

  43. Draw the Acid-Base Complexes

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