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CST-273-01 Microsoft VBA R. Juhl

CST-273-01 Microsoft VBA R. Juhl. VBA Excel Objects. VBA Excel Objects. Introduce some VBA and Excel Specific Programming Concepts and Capabilities Using programming tools called objects We will look at: Objects VBA Collection Objects The Object Browser The Application Object

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CST-273-01 Microsoft VBA R. Juhl

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  1. CST-273-01Microsoft VBAR. Juhl VBA Excel Objects

  2. VBA Excel Objects • Introduce some VBA and Excel Specific Programming Concepts and Capabilities • Using programming tools called objects • We will look at: • Objects • VBA Collection Objects • The Object Browser • The Application Object • Workbook and Window Objects • The Range Object • With / End With and For / Each

  3. VBA Excel Objects • The Project Battle Cell • Uses Excel’s • top level objects • most common objects • Object browser • Relies heavily on using the following objects • Application • Workbook • Worksheet • Range

  4. VBA Excel Objects • About VBA and Object Oriented Programming • VBA shares many of the same concepts as genuine object-oriented languages • Existence of objects • Tools used to manipulate these objects • Tools include • Properties • Events • Methods

  5. VBA Excel Objects • In the real world • Requirements for an Object Oriented Language are strict • Must allow programmers to build new classes • Object definitions • Objects created from a new class must support inheritance • Inheritance refers to the ability of one class to inherit from another • A new class (derived class) will have all the members of the inherited class (parent class) • VBA allows programmers to define new classes but does not support inheritance • VBA is “Object Based”

  6. VBA Excel Objects • Objects Defined • Think of objects as: • Separate computer programs with specific and common functions that are available for repeated use • Dynamic / easily manipulated in code with the various parameters used to define them

  7. VBA Excel Objects • Object Analogy • Objects are equated with nouns i.e. Bicycle • Objects can be described • Properties • Size • 26” • Color • Blue • Type • Ten-speed

  8. VBA Excel Objects - Object Analogy • A bicycle can perform various actions • Methods • Move straight • Turn • Stop • A bicycle can be built out of other objects • Frame • Wheels • Properties • Diameter • Material • Titanium • Aluminum • Method(s) • Roll • Handlebars • Pedals

  9. VBA Excel Objects • The Wheel Object could be composed of other Objects • Tire • Material • Organic polymers • Rim • Material • Aluminum • Titanium • Spoke • Diameter • Material • Aluminum • Titanium

  10. VBA Excel Objects • Objects have events • External stimulus of an object • Rider initiates • HandleBarTurn() event • Invokes • TurnBike() method • Written coded response to the user’s stimulus • Events allow for a much more user interactive experience • Between the program and user

  11. VBA Excel Objects • VBA Collection Objects • A group or collection of the same object types • A bicycle collection is analogous to going into a bicycle shop • Different sizes, colors, and types • Collection objects allow you to work with objects as a group • In VBA collection objects are typically denoted with the plural form of the object • Can you think of a VBA collection object ?

  12. VBA Excel Objects • VBA Collection Objects • A group or collection of the same object types • A bicycle collection is analogous to going into a bicycle shop • Different sizes, colors, and types • Collection objects allow you to work with objects as a group • In VBA collection objects are typically denoted with the plural form of the object • Can you think of a VBA collection object ? • Workbooks collection consists of all open workbook objects

  13. VBA Excel Objects

  14. VBA Excel Objects • To select a workbook object • Create an excel file with three workbooks • Insert a standard Module • Create a procedure to test selecting a workbook object using • Workbooks(2).Activate • This line of code uses the Workbooks property of the Application object to return a single Workbook object from the Workbooks collection and could have been written as • Application.Workbooks(2).Activate • It uses the Activate() method to select the object

  15. VBA Excel Objects • Syntax when addressing VBA objects • object.property • object.method • Example • Application.ActiveSheet.Range("A1").Value = 1 • Application.ActiveSheet.Range(“A1”).Font.Bold = True • Are of the form • object.property.property.property.property • Because • Activesheet, Range, (“A1”), and Font represent properties • Bold is a Boolean property of the Font object

  16. VBA Excel Objects • Use can select a workbook unambiguously if you know the name • Workbooks(“Book2”).Activate • If you need to step through several objects in a collection use a loop and a loop / index variable For I = 1 to 3 If Workbooks(I).Saved Then Workbooks(I).Close Next I

  17. VBA Excel Objects • Other VBA Collection Objects include • Worksheets • Each Workbook object contains 3 Worksheet objects • Belong to the Worksheets Collection Object • There are 3 Worksheet collection Objects in the previous example • Windows • Charts

  18. VBA Excel Objects • The Object Browser • The VBAIDE Object Browser allows you to view all available objects and their • Properties • Methods • Events • Can be used to view • Excel’s Object Model • All procedures / constants from your current project • To open select • View  Object Browser • Press F2 • To Use • Select the library to view or select All Libraries

  19. VBA Excel Objects

  20. VBA Excel Objects • An Object Library is a collection of objects provided by a specific application • Notice libraries for • Excel • Objects specific to Excel • Office • Objects common to all Office Applications • Word • PowerPoint • Excel • VBA • Add VBA Objects to the current Excel Project • VBA Project • You can use Excel Help as well to view the OM

  21. VBA Excel Objects

  22. VBA Excel Objects • After selecting the Excel library you will see • A List of all availabel objects • In the bottem left window of the OB • The window is labled Classes • A class is an object definition • A class definition is used to create an instance of the object it defines • Instantiating the object • When you see the term “class” think “object” • The class list represents all of the object available to you to use in your program

  23. VBA Excel Objects • Select an object from the list to view the available • Properties • Methods • Events • The right side window is labled “Members” • These items belong to or are members of the object selected • Selecting an item in the members list displays information about that item in the bottom window • Property • Method • Constant • To learn more about an Object or Member • Select it and press F1

  24. VBA Excel Objects

  25. VBA Excel Objects • More on the Excel object model can be found at: • http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/wss56bz7(VS.80).aspx • Think of the hierarchy as a path to the object of interest • Like the path to a file • Consider the example: • How do we insert the string below, into: • “VBA Can Be Used To Customize An Excel Application” • cell A4 • Sheet2 • Book2

  26. VBA Excel Objects • Range(“A4”).Value = “VBA Can Be Used To Customize An Excel Application” • This will insert the text into the “current” or “active” worksheet • May not be the target • Workbooks(“Book2”).Activate • To find the next object in the desired path: • Workbooks(“Book2”).Worksheets(“Sheet2”).Activate • To set the value of Cell A4 use the Range property Workbooks("book2").Worksheets("sheet2").Range("A4").Value = "VBA Can Be Used To …"

  27. VBA Excel Objects – Cells Property

  28. VBA Excel Objects • Using the Cell property has the same effect… Workbooks("book2").Worksheets("sheet2").Cells(4, “A”).Value = "VBA Can Be Used To ……“ • The above code uses the Worksheets property of the Workbook object to return a Worksheet object from the Worksheets collection object • Since the Worksheet object is lower in the object hierarchy than the Workbook object, it follows it in the line of code. • The Range property is found in the list of members for the Worksheets object • The Range property returns a Range object that represents one or more cells in a continuous block on a Worksheet

  29. VBA Excel Objects • You must work though the entire object hierarchy to set a property • only if each object referenced in the code needs to be identified out of a collection of objects+ • If there is only one Workbook object open then • Sheets(“sheet2”).Range(“A4”).Value = “ ……. “ • Works just as well • This code will execute if multiple Workbooks are open • Only the currently active Workbook is effected • Each Object qualifier is necessary only as long as its needed to identify one specific object out of several posibilities.

  30. VBA Excel Objects • Top Level Objects • The Application Object • Top-level in Excels Object Model • Represents the Entirety of the Microsoft Excel Application • Its unique and usually not needed to reference • Some Uses follow • Setting the height and width properties • Application.Width = 600 • Application.Height= 450

  31. VBA Excel Objects • Setting the formula bar on or off • Application.DisplayformulaBar = <True / False> • In general you use the Application Object to set • The appearance of the Excel Window • The overall behaivior of Excel • Application.Calculation = xlManual • Turns off autocalculate • Application.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic • Turns on autocalculate • Application.EditDirectlyInCell = False • Enables or Disables editing in cells • Application.DefaultFilePath = “C:\My Documents” • Set default file location

  32. VBA Excel Objects • The Application object can be used with ScreenUpdating and WorksheetFunction properties • Application.ScreenUpdating = false • Turn screen updating off to speed up your macro code. You won't be able to see what the macro is doing, but it will run faster. • Remember to set the ScreenUpdating property back to True when your macro ends. • Range(“A11”) = Application.WorksheetFunction.Sum(Range(“A1:A10”)) • Envoke a formula and copy via Range • If you only need to set properties of lower-level objects, then the Application object qualifier is not needed. • ActiveCell.Formula = “=Sum(A1:A10)” • To view all the Application object’s properties, methods, and events use the Object Browser

  33. VBA Excel Objects • The Workbook and Window Objects • Window objects refer to instances of windows within either: • The same workbook • The application • Within the Excel Application the windows collection object contains all Windows objects currently open • All Workbook objects • Copies of any Workbook objects • The window objects are indexed according to their layering i.e. A three workbook application • Application.Windows(2).Activate • Because Book2 is in the center of a three Windows Object its index would be changed to 1 usng the windows collection object • Different from accessing Book2 using the Workbooks collection object • Workbooks are indexed in the order of their creation after the value of 1, which is reserved for the selected, or top level Workbook object.

  34. VBA Excel Objects • You may use the NewWindow() method of either the window or workbook object in your code • Application.Windows(1).NewWindow • When a new window is created, the caption in the title bar from the original window (active) is concatenated with a colon and an index number i.e. • If Book3 is currently active then the original Book3 window title changes to Book3: 1 and the new window changes to Book3: 2 • These captions can be changed using the caption property of the window Object • Application.Windows(3).Activate • Application.Windows(1).NewWindow • Application.Windows("Book3:2").Caption = "Book3:2 is a new window“ • Don’t confuse new Window with new Workbook • Application.Workbooks(“Book3:2”).Activate • Will Fail • Creating a new workbook also creates a new window but the opposite is not true • If a new window is created through the Window Menu in Excel or the NewWindow() method in VBA then the window does not belong to the Workbooks collection object • It belongs to the windows collection object

  35. VBA Excel Objects

  36. VBA Excel Objects • Access the new window with Public Sub test() Application.Windows(3).Activate Application.Windows(1).NewWindow Application.Windows("Book3:2").Caption = "Book3:2 is new" 'Application.Workbooks("Book3:2").Activate Application.Windows("Book3:2 is new").Activate End Sub • Note : The windows have to be LAYERED with 3 ON THE BOTTOM for this to work

  37. VBA Excel Objects • To Add WorkBooks use can use a loop Public Sub AddWorkbooks() Dim i As Integer For i = 1 To 3 Workbooks.Add Next i End Sub • Add the following code after the Next i Workbooks(Workbooks.count).Activate • It will activate the last workbook to be opened in excel • Count returns the nuber of open workbooks and is used to index the last workbook added

  38. VBA Excel Objects • The Range Object • One example of a VBA collection object that does not use the plural form of an existing object for its name • It represents a collection of cells in a worksheet (even if the collection contains one cell) • The following lines operate on the currently selected worksheet • Range(“A1”).Value=“Column A” • Range(“A1:G1”).Columns.Value=AutoFit • Range(“A1:C1”, “E1:F1”).Font.Bold = True With / End Statement Range(“A1:N1”).Select With Selection.Font .Bold = True .Name = “Arial” .Size = 18 End With With Selection .HorizontalAlignment = xlCenter .VerticalAlignment = xlCenter End With • The selection property of the Window Object is used to return a Range Object From which the Font Property returns a Font Object associated with the selected Range

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