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Understanding Direct Object Pronouns in Spanish and English

This guide explains direct objects and their pronouns in both Spanish and English. A direct object receives the action of the verb, answering "what?" or "whom?". Examples illustrate how to identify direct objects, such as “Bill hit the ball,” and how to replace nouns with pronouns like “it” or “them.” The text also covers unique translation challenges between English and Spanish, highlighting differences in pronoun placement and usage. By mastering these concepts, learners can improve their language skills in both Spanish and English.

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Understanding Direct Object Pronouns in Spanish and English

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  1. Direct Object Pronouns: Part I Craig Thomas B.A.

  2. Whatis a DirectObject? • The object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct object. • Bill hit the ball."Ball" receives the action of the verb "hit." • Sherry reads the book."Book" receives the action of the verb "reads." • The direct object can also be a person. • Sherry hit Bill.(DO=Bill)

  3. What or Whom? • The direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?" with regard to what the subject of the sentence is doing. • Bill hit the ball.Bill hit what?Bill hit the ball. • Sherry hit Bill.Sherry hit whom?Sherry hit Bill.

  4. DirectObjects and Pronouns • Often, it is desirable to replace the name of the direct object with a pronoun. • Example 1 • Paul bought the flowers. He took the flowers home and gave the flowers to his wife. • Example 2 • Paul bought the flowers. He took them home and gave them to his wife.

  5. ChangingPronouns • When the pronoun replaces the name of the direct object, use the following pronouns: • me (me) • te (you-familiar) • lo, la (him, her, it, you-formal) • nos (us) • os (you-all-familiar) • los, las (them, you-all-formal)

  6. AffirmativeStatements • In an affirmative statement with one verb, the direct object pronoun comes immediately before the conjugated verb. • Tengo = I have • Tengola pluma. = I have the pen. • Latengo. = I have it.

  7. SpanishIt • Look at how Spanish and English are different. • "Lo tengo" and "La tengo" BOTH mean "I have it." • Differences: • "It" has two forms in Spanish: lo, la • "Tengo" one word in Spanish = two words in English (I have) • The word order is different. In Spanish, the pronoun (lo, la) comes before the verb; in English, the pronoun (it) comes after the verb.

  8. EasyTranslation • When you try to translate literally from English to Spanish, sometimes it works very well: • John eats the soup. • John = Juan • John eats = Juan come • John eats the = Juan come la • John eats the soup = Juan come la sopa.

  9. HardTranslation • Other times, direct translation doesn't work so well: • I eatthesoup. • I = Yo • I eat = Yo como • I eatthe = Yo como la • I eatthesoup = Yo como la sopa.

  10. Redundant Yo • Because "como" means "I eat," the word "yo" is redundant. A better translation might be: • I eat the soup. • Como la sopa.

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