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The Cold War Era and East Asia: China's Socialist Withdrawal and Reintegration (1950s-1970s)

This lecture, prepared by Prof. Alvin So, examines the dynamics of the Cold War from the 1950s to the 1960s, focusing on China's socialist withdrawal and later reintegration into the global economy. It discusses the impact of communism post-World War II, the Chinese Communist Revolution of 1949, labor unrest in Japan and Korea, and the radical policies adopted by China during the Cold War. Key phases outlined include the Withdrawal Phase of severing ties with the capitalist world and the Re-Entry Phase of reintegrating into the global market since the late 1970s.

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The Cold War Era and East Asia: China's Socialist Withdrawal and Reintegration (1950s-1970s)

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  1. SOSC 188 Lecture 24 The Cold War & the Rise of East Asia (I): Socialist Withdrawal & Reintegration in China Prepared By Prof Alvin So

  2. The Cold War: 1950s- 1960s • The wave of communism after WWII: The divide of Europe into West and East Chinese communist revolution 1949 Labor unrest in Japan & Korea in the late 40s Cuban & the Vietnam turned communist in the 1960s • The Cold War: Divided nation & war Prepared By Prof Alvin So

  3. The Cold War and Chinese class structure • The Withdrawal Phase (1950s-1960s) – Cut off from the Capitalist World Economy (CWE) and Destroy the Old Classes • The Re-Entry Phase (since the late 1970s) – Re-create the Old Classes Prepared By Prof Alvin So

  4. Withdrawal from the CWE and Destroy the Old Classes • Strong core reactions forced China to adopt radical policies (more radical than other socialist states) • Inherited the old class structure - landlords,capitalists, middle classes, foreign interests, bureaucrats, workers, peasantry • Land reform and collectivization - eliminate the landlords and rich peasantry Prepared By Prof Alvin So

  5. Nationalization of industry - eliminate the capitalists • Hundred Flowers campaign: attack the intellectuals • Break with the Soviet Union – China adopted the self-reliance model • Attack the Party-State in the Cultural Revolution& build an egalitarian society for peasants/workers Prepared By Prof Alvin So

  6. Re-Entry and Re-create the old classes • Why re-entry in the late1970s? The cores have reduced their hostility and welcome re-entry Planned economy not working – stagnant economy The first generation of peasant revolutionaries has passed away • Decollectivization to encourage rich peasants • Re-strengthen the power of the Party/State Prepared By Prof Alvin So

  7. Introduce market mechanism and encourage profit maximization - create capitalists in the private sector • Reinstate university exams and the status of professors and intellectuals • Set up Special Economic Zones - Welcome foreign capitalists to come back • Winners: party/state officials, capitalists/managers Losers: poor peasants, floating laborers, and factory workers Prepared By Prof Alvin So

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