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The French Revolution: Political Turmoil, Radical Change, and Foreign Intervention

The French Revolution marked a significant transformation in Europe, sparking fear among European monarchs. They were concerned that the revolutionary ideals in France could ignite similar uprisings in their own nations. This anxiety led to military interventions aimed at preserving monarchies in Austria and Prussia, who warned France against harming its king. The establishment of a limited monarchy followed by radical factions in the Legislative Assembly culminated in the Reign of Terror, where perceived enemies of the revolution faced execution, shaping the future of French society and governance.

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The French Revolution: Political Turmoil, Radical Change, and Foreign Intervention

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Presentation Transcript

  1. 9/17 Focus: • An extreme government changed French society and tried through harsh means to eliminate its critics within France • Do Now: • Explain why other European monarchs might have been concerned with events in France during the revolution.

  2. The French Revolution The Reign of Terror

  3. Foreign Intervention • Many European rulers and nobles feared the revolution would spread to their countries • Threatened military intervention to protect French monarchy • Austria and Prussia warned against harming the king

  4. Foreign Intervention • French declare war on Austria, Prussia, and Great Britain

  5. Legislative Assembly • French constitution created a limited monarchy • Legislative Assembly made laws • Assembly split into different factions • Conservatives • Moderates • Radicals

  6. The French Republic • Radicals took over the Assembly • Led by Maximillian Robespiere • Jean- Paul Marat • Georges- Jacques Danton • Ended the monarchy • Execution of King Louis XVI • Declared the formation of a republic • Suspended the Constitution

  7. The French Republic • Radicals attempted to reform French Society • Eliminate influence of religion • Closed churches in Paris • Created the Cult for the Supreme Being • Worshipped Revolutionary ideals • Eliminate references to the monarchy and nobility • Created new calendar • New systems of weights and measurement

  8. Challenges to the Republic • War with other European nations • The First coalition • Austria, Prussia, Spain, Great Britain • France suffered a number of defeats • Economic Problems • Resistance from people inside France • Not everyone supported killing the king • Many priests would not accept gov’t control • Many peasants were angry about a military draft

  9. The Reign of Terror • Radicals created the Committee of Public Safety • eliminate people who threatened the revolution inside France • Use of terror to defend the republic

  10. The Reign of Terror • Radicals placed anyone suspected of not supporting the revolution on trial • Sentenced to death by guillotine • Over 40,000 people killed

  11. The Reign of Terror • Robespierre began using the committee to eliminate other radicals that were his rivals • Danton • Reign of Terror ended after radicals execute Robespierre • July 27, 1794 • Robespierre sent to the guillotine

  12. Moderates Regain Control • Moderates returned to power and adopted a new constitution • Failed to address economic problems and civil unrest

  13. Closure • What was the purpose of the Committee of Public Safety? • What political group took control of the government after the death of Robespierre?

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