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Internet Terms

This comprehensive overview delves into the foundations of the Internet and network technologies, tracing their origins from ARPANET to modern protocols like HTTP and TCP/IP. Learn about essential elements such as HTML, XHTML, CSS, JavaScript, protocols for data transfer, email handling, and multimedia formats. Explore cookies, file types, DNS, and network security concerns including firewalls and viruses. Understand the significance of bandwidth and the roles of ISP and VPN in modern connectivity. Equip yourself with crucial internet terminology and concepts.

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Internet Terms

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  1. Delving into the Internet and Networks Internet Terms

  2. In the beginning • ARPANET – set up for the military to have another network of communication • Pre-cursor to the internet

  3. HTML • Hyper Text Markup Language • Displayed through a web browser • Is being replaced by XHTML

  4. XHTML • Extensive Hyper Text Markup Language • More specific than HTML • Used to allow for XML • XML is used to create your own tags

  5. CSS • Cascading Style Sheet • Internal or linked • Control the appearance of elements in your web page. • Why cascading?

  6. JavaScript • Must activate in Internet Explorer • Used with forms for processing information • Used with CSS to animate elements

  7. Cookies • Text file • Saved on YOUR computer • Used to help keep setting at a website • Expiration Date

  8. Flash • Good for animations • Creates a .swf file • Can have anchors/links • Embedded into an HTML file • Text in Flash movies not searchable

  9. File Types • Files made up of a filename and a file extension separated by a period myreport.doc banner.jpg index.html file name file extension

  10. Webpage files • use the following extensions • .html • .htm • .php • .asp • .jsp

  11. Graphic Files • .jpg • .gif • .png • .tiff • .bmp • Compressed, basic graphics • Compressed, support transparency and animation • Compressed, more colors, alpha channel • Not compressed, must have application to view it • Not compressed, basic image, MS Paint’s default Use the following extensions File attributes

  12. Other files • .exe – executable files • .pdf – acrobat reader • .doc – word document • .css – cascading style sheet • .js – javascript file

  13. Multimedia Files • MPEG – Graphics and Sound • .avi – video • .mov – quicktime movie • .swf - flash movie

  14. Compression Files • Some graphic files are compressed: • jpg, gif, png • Other compressions • zip (archive)

  15. Protocols • What is a protocol? • Just a standard way to do something • Ex: US mail address follows a protocol • Persons Name • Street Address • City, State, and Zip Code • The internet uses certain protocols for transferring electronic data

  16. HTTP • Hyper Text Transfer Protocol • Transfer text, anchors, graphics and sound • Uses port 80

  17. TCP/IP • Used for sending and receiving packets via the internet • Each computer must have a separate and unique IP address • TCP is what the router uses to attach the IP address to packets being sent

  18. IP addresses • Uses Four 3 digit numbers separated by a period • can use the numbers 0 – 255 • ex: • 172.0.0.1 • 205.52.45.31

  19. DNS Server • resolves domain names to IP addresses • This is why you can type in google.com in the URL and find the site for Google’s search engine • What’s Google’s IP address?

  20. DHCP Server • This server will hand out an IP address to a network computer when it is booted up. • The IP can be changed with RELEASE or RENEW • Set up by your network administrator

  21. IPCONFIG • Let’s you see your computer’s IP settings • Let’s try it

  22. IP Classes • Class A • Used with large businesses and small countries • Subnet mask : 255.0.0.0 • Class B • Used with large businesses • Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 • Class C • Used for small businesses and personal use • Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

  23. FTP • File Transfer Protocol • Uses Port 21

  24. Email Protocols • SMTP – for out going mail • POP3 – for in coming mail • Formats include MIME and Bin Hex and UUEncode

  25. Access • Having rights to connect to a server or folders to FTP

  26. Anchor • Used for Hyper links • <a> </a> tags • Can include images, text, and image maps

  27. Domains • Common names of websites • Google.com • Yahoo.com • espn.com • murrayschools.org

  28. ISP • Internet Service Providers • Qwest DSL (Direct Sub Link) – Uses Ethernet • Comcast Cable – Uses Coaxial cable

  29. VPN • Virtual Private Network • a tunnel into an network from home

  30. Searches • Search engines • Google • Yahoo • MSN • use quotations to search for specific phases

  31. Email encoding • Uuencoding • Bin Hex • MIME

  32. Bandwidth • The amount of data that can be sent through a connection

  33. Safety - Firewall • Firewall set up to block programs from the internet from running on your computer

  34. Virus • – sent in email attachments. Propagates itself when opened.

  35. Worm • – does not have to be run or opened to propagate itself on a network

  36. Trojan • Trojan – You think your running one program, but it’s doing something behind the scenes

  37. Certificate Server • Sends an electronic “certificate” to a computer from the network to tell the computer it is a legitimate program to run

  38. SSL • Secure Sockets Layer • HTTPS • Encodes the information • Used with most online orders

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