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Ukraine Antarctic research at Vernadsky station: results and prospects

Ukraine Antarctic research at Vernadsky station: results and prospects. Gennadi Milinevsky National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Ukraine science@uac.gov.ua. This work was partly supported by grant INTAS-2001- 0571. Structure:.

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Ukraine Antarctic research at Vernadsky station: results and prospects

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  1. Ukraine Antarctic research at Vernadsky station: results and prospects Gennadi MilinevskyNational Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Ukraine science@uac.gov.ua This work was partly supported by grant INTAS-2001-0571

  2. Structure: Where and what research Ukraine provides in Antarctica? Task 1. Climate change at Antarctic Peninsula Task 2. Antarctic ozone hole Task 3. Sun-Earth energy transfer, space weather Other research (GPS, GIS, Biology, Medicine) Priorities of research

  3. Task 1: Climate change at Antarctic Peninsula

  4. Warming in Antarctic Peninsula region Faraday/Vernadsky temperature, 1947-2001 Annual mean temperature in 1947-2000 raised up to 2.5С

  5. Meteorology and climate Modular Automatic Meteo Station – MAWS: • temperature • pressure • wind speed and direction • precipitation • humidity • snow level

  6. Sea water temperature anomaly +4.2 C

  7. Antarctic Peninsula climate changes – impact on ecosystem Met Records • Minimum temperature - 43.3 C 1958 • Maximum temperature +11.8 C 1985 • Maximum gust 78 knots 1991 Deschampcia Antarctica

  8. UV-A and UV-B measurements

  9. The tide gauge for sea level measurements – climate warming

  10. Sea water and salinity measurements at Barchans Islands hydrology site

  11. Ice caps dynamics in Antarctic Peninsula climate change conditions Galindez Island aerial photograph, December 1956 (BAS, R.Thomas, 1963 )

  12. 1956 2004 Galindez ice cap boundaries: Dec 1956 and Jan2004 Since 1956 the Galindez ice cap area has decreased significantly

  13. 2002 West part of Galindez ice cap changes 23000 м3 2003 28000 м3 2004 17000 м3 2005

  14. Argentina Islands ice caps: prognosis for the future If the temperature trend left constant that the ice cap could be discharging within century This process could be increased due to unique water temperature anomaly observed last years (up to + 4°C)

  15. Task 2: Antarctic Ozone Hole

  16. Ozone measurements 2002-2003 season

  17. Planetary wave in ozone layer 1979 1988 2003 Longitude asymmetry in 1979-2003 is rising

  18. During 30 years the asymmetry in ozone max and min positions enhanced Displacement to East from55°W to0° Consequence: redistribution of UV radiation at sea level This changes may influence on regional climate and ecosystem

  19. Task 3: Sun-Earth and troposphere-ionosphere energy transfer, space weather processes of energy distribution from the Earth surface to ionosphere height

  20. Need to understand how solar energy affect the atmosphere and climate • Solar effects are focused in polar regions

  21. Ionosphere soundings Ionosonde ISP-42 - radar for impulse ionosphere soundings Height: 0-800 km Frequency: 1.0-22.6 MHz

  22. Geomagnetic conjugate regions: Vernadsky – USA East Coast Boston area Channel for energy transfer from S-hemisphere to N-hemisphere Vernadsky

  23. Magnetometer LEMI-008 Measurement range Resolution Range I 100 000 nT 10 nT Range II 3 200 nT 0.1 nT Bandwidth DC 1 Hz Time of sampling1s, 2s, 5s, 10 s, 60 s Extremely low noise level – less than 5 pT at 1 Hz

  24. The geomagnetic micropulsations Pc3 observed simultaneously at Vernadsky and Boston area

  25. Cyclon April 1, 1998 Troposphere Weather – Space Weather Drake Passage and Antarctic Peninsula –place for cyclones ~ 50 powerful cyclones annually Energy propagation from surface to ionosphere

  26. Magnetic field and pressure at Vernadsky AG waves Correlation

  27. Idea: • The severe weather fronts is “projected” on ionosphere 120 km height • The delay of magnetic field response - 15-30 minutes (corresponded velocity 10-30 m / s) • «Projection» of weather fronts to North hemisphere! • Possible carrier? Atmosphere gravity waves AGW: • Severe troposphere weather front “pull” the AGW

  28. Search of planetary wave propagation to ionosphere heights: E-layer (120 km)

  29. LEMI-112a inductionmagnetometer • ELF receiver: two orthogonal search-coil magnetometers • frequency band 0,1 - 300 Hz • low noise level – less than 0,03 pT/ at 10 Hz.

  30. Greenhouse effect cooling in mesosphere (90 km), “drop down”of ionosphere layers F2 layer height long-term changes : + - Faraday data, х – Vernadsky data

  31. Other research: Geodesy survey, GIS - GPS – gravimetric measurements in Vernadsky region and adjacent territory of Antarctic Peninsula

  32. Permanent dual-frequency GPS receiver antenna installation at Vernadsky, Antarctica, April 2005 • - tectonics • total electron content • troposphere humidity

  33. Biology, human biology and medicine HUMAN ADAPTATION

  34. The toxicant XRF-analysis of gentoo penguin feather of Petermann Island colony, Antarctic Peninsula

  35. “clean” hair “dirty” hair Ni, Cu, Pb, Se, Hg Cleaning of human body during winter XRF-analysis of the metals in the winterers hair

  36. Ukrainian winterers haveusuallyincreased amount of R/A Cs in body After winter the Cs amount in body essentially decreased

  37. Conclusion:Priorities of research • Climate variability study ( ice cap ) • Ozone hole (Oz and UV measurements) • Upper atmosphere – Space Weather • GIS of the Vernadsky region • Creation of UA National Antarctic Database • Providing the environmental monitoring • Geodetic network – neotectonics • Research equipment development

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