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The Iranian Government

The Iranian Government. Why is Iran, Iran?. Iran’s identity is the result of thousands of years of history Deep attachment to Islam Have always been an autocratic state Iran is structured as a theocracy Ruled strictly by religion

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The Iranian Government

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  1. The Iranian Government

  2. Why is Iran, Iran? • Iran’s identity is the result of thousands of years of history • Deep attachment to Islam • Have always been an autocratic state • Iran is structured as a theocracy • Ruled strictly by religion • Clerics (religious leaders) control the major industries in Iran

  3. Developing Economy • Significant player in the global market • 2nd largest oil producer in the Middle East • 4th largest in the world • The oil is controlled by the clerics

  4. Legitimacy • The Supreme Leader is accepted as the heir of Islam • Shiite belief • Power is derived from the Constitution of 1979 • Mixture of theocracy and democracy • Sharia Law • Jurist’s Guardianship • Up until 2005 giving more power to the people was highly debated

  5. Government Structure Theocratic Democratic • President • Assembly of Religious Experts • National Assembly • Legislative Body • Supreme Leader • Heir to Islam (Imam) • Guardian Council • Can veto any legislation • Can disqualify candidates for public office • Expediency Council

  6. Levels of Government • National • Provinces • Districts • Sub-Districts • Local Areas • Each level has elected officials • Appointed governors advise each level of officials

  7. The Supreme Leader • The head of the theocratic component of the Iranian government • Life long appointment • Primary interpreter of Sharia law • Controls presidential candidates • Can dismiss the President (and other administrators) • Declare war (Commander in Chief)

  8. The Guardian Council • Responsible for ensuring that the democratic component of the government adheres to Islamic beliefs • Consists of 12 members • 6 are appointed by the Chief Judge and approved by the Majles • 6 are appointed by the Supreme Leader

  9. The Assembly of Religious Experts • Directly elected by the people every 4 years • Appoints the Supreme Leader • Can dismiss the Supreme Leader if necessary • Similar role to the Guardian council • Charged with interpreting Islam • Sometimes considered to be the Upper Legislative House • Not Official

  10. The Expediency Council • Appointed by the Supreme Leader • Charged with mediating conflicts between the Guardian Council and the Majles • Can produce new legislation to be voted on • Considered the most powerful people in the Iranian government

  11. The President • Chief Executive and highest state official after the Supreme Leader • Directly elected every 4 years, two term limit • Charged with: • Budget • Economic Matters • Proposing Legislation • Signing treaties and laws • Appointing lower level administrators

  12. Dual Executive Branch Supreme Leader The President • Head of Government • Manages the cabinet • Cabinet does most of executive work • Answers to the people and the Supreme Leader • Head of State • Is not involved in day-to-day politics • Has final say in all matters

  13. The Majles • Responsible For: • Enacting and changing laws • Interpreting legislation • Confirming 6/12 of the appointed members of the Guardian Council • Investigating complaints against the government • Approving actions of the President

  14. The Judiciary • Headed by a Chief Justice • Responsible for the Supreme Court • Appointed by the Supreme Leader for a 5 year term • Appoints all lower judges • No equivalent of “Judicial Review” exists in Iran

  15. The Military • Revolutionary Guards • Created by the Supreme Leader after the 1979 revolution • Paramilitary to the Regular Army, Navy, Air Force • Elite military force, commanders appointed by Supreme Leader • Basij are a component of the Revolutionary Guards • Loosely-organized military (Militia)

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