Your health today – psychological perspectives on physical and mental well-being

1. Your health today – psychological perspectives on physical and mental well-being Łukasz Kaczmarek, IP UAM, 2010-2011

2. Easy Polish Choroba [Hoe-rho-bah] 1. Illness, sickness 2. Damn!

3. Easy Polish Zdrowie [Z-draw-v-eh] 1. Health 2. Cheers!

4. Organization • Interactive lecture: brief tasks, questions, doubts. • Attendance – 80% • Exam: test of knowledge – open-ended questions. • Literature: • A list of articles TBD

5. MODELS OF HEALTH: THE BIOMEDICAL MODEL • Biomedic model: • Darwin, The Origin of Species, 1856. • Body as a machine, part of the nature • Treatment: • fixing what is broken • removing foreign objects • Health = lack of disease • Patient is a passive receipient of the treatment • Ignores behavioral and psychological risk factors

6. MODELS OF HEALTH: THE BIOMEDICAL MODEL(Ogden, 2007) • What causes illness? • Diseases come from outside the body and cause physical changes • Internal involuntary physical changes • Who is responsible? • Individuals not responsible for their illness (victims) • How should illness be treated? • Changing physical state by vaccination, surgery, etc. • Who is responsible for treatment? • Medical professionalists

7. MODELS OF HEALTH: THE BIOMEDICAL MODEL(Ogden, 2007) • What is the relationship betwen health and illness? • Two different qualities (either healthy or ill) • What is the „mind-body” relationship? • Independence (mind-body split) • The role of psychology in health & illness? • Remeding consequences (e.g. depression)

8. Illness ideology & medicalization of everyday life(Maddox, 2005) • Premenstrual emotional change = premenstrual dysphoric disorder • Not wanting sex often enough = Hypoactive sexual desire disorder • Not wanting sex at all = sexual aversion disorder • Failure to maintain „adequate erection… that causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty = male erectile disorder • Failure for women to attain or maintain „an adequate lubrication or swelling response of sexual excitement” + distress + interpersonal difficulty = sexual arousal disorder

9. MODELS OF HEALTH: HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY(Ogden, 2007) • What causes illness? • Multitude factors • Biopsychosocial model of health and illness • Who is responsible? • Individuals responsible for their health • How should illness be treated? • The whole person (biopsychosocial) • Who is responsible for treatment? • Patients share responsibility

10. Breaking mind-body split:Positive emotions and common cold (Cohen, et al., 2003) • Who? 354 healthy volunteers, age 18-54 • Emotional style: 7 evening telephone interviews • Infection: subjects were given nasal drops containing rhinovirus • Observation: 6 days quarantine

12. A brief discussion • Consider the last time you were physicallyill (e.g. flu, headache, cold, etc.). • Whichfactors other than biological ones may have contributed to your illness?

13. MODELS OF HEALTH: HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY (Ogden, 2007) • What is the relationship between health and illness? • Continuum • What is the „mind-body” relationship? • Holistic (whole-person) approach; separate but in interaction • The role of psychology in health & illness? • Identification of factors contributing to aetiology

14. HEALTH AS A POSITIVE STATE • Health – „A state of completephysical, mental and socialwell-being and not merelytheabsence of disease.” (World Health Organization, 1947)

15. The complete state model of mental health and illness (Keyes, Lopez, 2007)

16. Psychological well-being(Keyes, Lopez, 2007) • Self-acceptance„When I look at the storyof my life, I am pleased with how things have turned out so far.” • Personal growth„For me, life has been a continuous process of learning, changing, and growth.” • Purpose in Life „Some people wander aimlessly through life, but I am not one of them.” • Environmental Mastery I am good at managingthe responsibilities of daily life • Autonomy I have confidence in my own opinions,even if they are different from the way most other people think. • Positive Relations With Others People would describe me as a givingperson, willing to share my time with others.

17. Social well-being (Keyes, Lopez, 2007) • Social Acceptance: I believe people are kind • Social Actualization (ie. society is positive) The world is becoming a better place for everyone. • Social Contribution I have something valuable to give to the world. • Social Coherence I find it easy to predict whatwill happen next in society. • Social Integration My community is a source of comfort

18. Mandala of health - human ecosystem Heszen, Sęk, 2007

20. Health decision and consequences

21. 1723 km

22. 266 km

26. Industrial pollution: Carbondisulfide = higherbloodpressure

30. BUT! BEWARE OF HEALTHISM • Preoccupation with your health (mostly physical) leading to distress, loss of autonomy, spontaneity and creativity. • WRONG: The sense of health as the main value

31. Easy Polish Choroba [Hoe-rho-bah] 1. Illness, sickness 2. Damn!

32. Easy Polish Zdrowie [Z-draw-v-eh] 1. Health 2. Cheers!