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Understanding the Beginning of Digestion: From Mouth to Large Intestine

This lecture discusses the crucial stages of human digestion, starting from the mouth and covering the roles of teeth, salivary glands, and the esophagus in the mechanical breakdown of food. Key topics include the stomach's function in churning, secreting gastric juices (HCl and enzymes), and forming chyme. It explores the small intestine's chemical digestion and nutrient absorption, the role of the liver and gall bladder in bile production, and the pancreas's secretion of digestive enzymes. Finally, it highlights the large intestine's function in water reclamation and the importance of vitamins produced by gut bacteria.

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Understanding the Beginning of Digestion: From Mouth to Large Intestine

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Lecture 76 Mr. Sover 22 March 2010

  2. The Beginning of Digestion • Mouth • Taste • Teeth • Salivary glands (3 pairs) • Amylase • Mucus • Esophagus • Peristalsis

  3. Stomach • Three main Functions • 1) churning • 2) secretion of acids/enzymes • 3) storage

  4. Stomach • Gastric Juices • HCl, enzymes • Proteins necessary • Polypeptides formed • Chyme formed (liquid mixture) • Storage so that the human can eat periodically

  5. Small Intestine • Chemical digestion of food is completed and nutrient absorption occurs • Length • Gall Bladder • Liver produces bile, which is stored here • Proteins, fats detected • Bile salts

  6. Pancreas • Second organ which secretes enzyme-containing pancreatic juices • Releases sodium hydrogen carbonate • Also releases enzymes • 1) Starch -> maltose • 2) fats -> fatty acids/glycerol • 3) polypeptides -> even smaller polypeptides • 4) nucleic acids -> nucleotides

  7. Rest of the SI • Protein/nucleic acids • Carbohydrates • Absorption of nutrients • vili

  8. The Liver • Glucose is not all absorbed into the bloodstream • Excess glucose converted to ________________ (stored for later use)

  9. The Large Intestine • Reclaim water • Remaining materials = feces • Mutualistic Relationship • Vitamins B-12 and K

  10. Homework Report to the Doerr Lab

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