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Understanding Capacitors: Charge, Discharge, and Energy Storage

This document explores the fundamental concepts of capacitors, including their capacitance, charge, discharge, and time constant. Capacitance, measured in Farads (F), depends on the size of the plates and the distance between them. Different materials enhance capacitors' charge storage capabilities, with electrolytic capacitors utilizing specialized electrolytes. The role of dielectrics is also discussed, noting how materials like silicon improve capacitance values. Additionally, configurations of capacitors in series and parallel impact overall capacitance, providing essential insights for effective circuit design.

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Understanding Capacitors: Charge, Discharge, and Energy Storage

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  1. Evidence of Learning 2 Capacitors Resistors Charge Discharge Time constant Energy Stored

  2. Capacitor Features • Capacitance is measured in Farads (F) usually m, n, p • Two plates of area ‘a’ separated by a distance ‘d’ • Larger plates (a) give higher capacitance • Smaller distance (d) gives larger capacitance • Some capacitors us a special electrolyte to enhance their ability to store charge (electrolytic capacitors) • Other capacitors have a dielectric between their plates, some materials store more charge than others

  3. Dielectric The extent to which any material concentrates electrostatic ‘lines of flux’ • Vacuum has a dielectric constant of 1 (one) • All other dielectrics have a relative value to vacuum and air has dielectric of about 1.00058986 (one) • PTFE: 2.1 • Polystyrene: 2.5 • Glass: 4.7 • Silicon: 11.68 • So you can guess that Silicon makes larger capacitor values for the same size plate area and distance

  4. Series and Parallel • Capacitors in parallel are effectively increasing the area ‘a’ • Capacitors in series are increasing the distance ‘d’ SO THAY: • Capacitors in parallel ADD – the total capacitance is the sum of all the capacitors – always more than the any one of the capacitors…. Ct = C1+C2+…..Cx • Capacitors in series REDUCE – the total capacitance is:

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