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Understanding Hydrocarbons: Monomers, Polymers, and Structures

Learn about monomers versus polymers, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon structures, and the diverse properties of hydrocarbons. Explore the applications of petrochemicals and the significance of covalent bonding in creating modern materials.

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Understanding Hydrocarbons: Monomers, Polymers, and Structures

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  1. Objectives: Define and distinguish between monomers and polymers. Compare saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon structures and properties. Please put your name on NOW! So you don’t forget Catalyst: So far we have learned about alkanes. Describe an alkane. Describe at least 3 ways that a hydrocarbon molecule be more complex than a simple alkane. Homework: Read C.5, Do: pg. 279 #6-12

  2. C1 Petrochemicals Chemists use hydrocarbons and knowledge of covalent bonding to build new molecules Until 1800s all materials were natural materials. Eg stone, wood, cotton, silk Commercially made products: cellulose from wood and shellac from insects. These are polymers – long chain molecules made out of monomers Modern products are more man-made. Petrochemical – man-made out of petroleum. Eg: insulation, plastic, foam, fabrics like nylon, detergent, pesticides

  3. Ethene – builder molecule C2H4 Aka ethene Contains a very reactive double covalent bond, Addition reactions – add a reactant onto double bond Etheneand water form ethyl alcohol

  4. Ethene can do an addition reaction with itself. Makes polyethylene – contains 500 to 20,000 ethenes linked in a chain Polyethylene is an example of an “addition polymer” Other polymers are made from monomers like ethene: vinyl chloride to Polyvinylchloride (PVC)

  5. Polymers Polymers can be long straight chains (like spagetti), branched, or cross-linked

  6. C.3 Beyond Alkanes • Alkane – a hydrocarbon with all single bonds • Alkene – a hydrocarbon with at least one double bond • Double covalent bond – two pairs of electrons (total of 4 electrons) are shared. • Saturated hydrocarbon – each carbon is bonded to 4 other atoms. It’s “full.” • Unsaturated hydrocarbon – not all carbon atoms are bonded to four other atoms.

  7. Saturated v. Unsaturated Saturated hydrocarbons – all single covalent bonds between carbons (saturated with the most single bonds it can make) Unsaturated - have at least one double or triple covalent bond between carbons (eg, ethene, double) (eg, propyne, triple)

  8. Substituted Hydrocarbons – have another element (other than H and C) in the compound

  9. Because of the double bond(s), alkenesare much more reactive than alkanes.

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