ONLINE self-study

1. ONLINE self-study Shipping with Dry Ice

2. Introduction • The Department of Transportation considers dry ice to be a hazardous material when shipped in commerce. Anyone who prepares a package containing dry ice must be trained and verified through testing on the applicable regulations for shipping dry ice. After completing this training module and successfully passing the 10 question post test you will receive a certificate and be legally certified to ship packages that contain dry ice. • This training is valid for two years. After two years if you wish to continue shipping packages containing dry ice you must complete this training again to be legally certified to do so.

3. Introduction • This module fulfills the training requirements for dry ice only. • Federal law requires training specific to all hazardous items included in a package. If the items you wish to ship on dry ice are considered hazardous (for example hazardous chemicals or infectious substances) you must either complete the Shipping Infectious Substances and Other Biomedical Materials training module or contact EHS for training specific to your items. • Contact EHS for help determining if your items are considered hazardous materials for shipping purposes. • If you have completed the Shipping Infectious Substances and Other Biomedical Materials training within the last 2 years you are already certified to ship items using dry ice for as long as your certificate from that training is valid.

4. Course Objectives The purpose of this training module is to: • Ensure the safe handling of dry ice using good sensible practices. • Comply with Federal and International regulations for packing, labeling, and documenting shipments containing dry ice.

5. Course Objectives • This training will increase your awareness of safety and compliance issues. If you need more information or help with shipping your package you can e-mail the EHS Shipping Specialist. The training will cover the topics listed below. Classification, packaging, and marking and labeling are the three most important topics covered. • Regulatory Oversight • Hazardous Materials Definition • Training Requirements • Penalties • Classification and Identification • Packaging • Marking & labeling packages • Documentation • Record Keeping • Emergency Response • Security Plan

6. Regulatory Oversight Federal Regulations: U.S. Dept. of Transportation (DOT) – 49 CFRFederal Aviation Administration (FAA)     The DOT is the federal agency in charge of hazardous material shipments in commerce. The FAA is a division within the DOT that enforces hazardous material regulations on packages shipped via air carrier. Unless you are using a specific ground only service (i.e.: FedEx Ground) your dangerous goods packages will fall under the FAA’s jurisdiction. If you are using a ground only carrier contact EHS for further instruction as ground regulations differ slightly than those for air shipments.

7. Regulatory Oversight International Regulations (Air shipments) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR)      For the international standard a UN Committee of Experts develops recommended procedures for the transport of all hazardous materials except radioactive material. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) uses the UN recommendations as the basis for developing the regulations for the safe transport of hazardous materials by air. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is the international trade organization that interprets ICAO regulations and publishes the Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR), a user’s manual for the ICAO regulations. The IATA regulations are more stringent than DOT. This training module follows IATA regulations. IATA regulations are minimal requirements - your carrier can be more stringent.

8. What is a Hazardous Material? • The DOT defines a hazardous material as: • “Any substance or material that the Secretary of Transportation has determined to be capable of causing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce”

9. What is a Hazardous Material? • There are nine classes of hazardous materials defined by the DOT and IATA: • 1: Explosives • 2: Compressed Gas • 3: Flammable Liquids • 4: Flammable Solids • 5: Oxidizing Substances • 6: Toxic or Infectious Substances • 7: Radioactive Materials • 8: Corrosive Materials • 9: Miscellaneous Hazards Dry Ice is a Class 9 Miscellaneous Hazard

10. Training Requirements • Any person who prepares a hazardous material for transportation in commerce must be trained and tested on the subjects below as they apply to the item they are preparing: • General Awareness – recognizing dangerous goods • Function Specific – how to pack, label and document your items • Safety Training – understanding the hazards associated with your items • Security Awareness – understanding the security risks associated with transporting your items • In-depth security training – specific security procedures followed in your work environment

11. Penalties "Violations contrary to the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 49, if substantiated, may result in the assessment of a civil penalty of up to $37,500 per violation, and deliberate violations may result in criminal prosecution of up to $500,000 and 5 years in prison." • There has been an increase in the number of Federal Aviation Inspections (FAA) in response to the 1996 ValuJet crash, the September 11, 2001 attacks, and the UPS package bomb scare in November 2010. • If you are receiving a HazMat package it is your responsibility to ensure the sender packages it correctly. • The FAA randomly inspects several labs at UNC every year. The primary focus of these inspections is to check for proper shipping training and adequate hazardous material shipment records. Oxygen-generating canister like the ones on board the ValuJet flight 592 in 1996.

12. Identification and Classification • Dry Ice is a Class 9 Miscellaneous Hazard. It is considered a hazardous material for the following reasons: • Explosion Hazard: dry ice releases large volumes of CO2 gas as it sublimates. If it is kept in an air tight container the pressure may cause a violent rupture. • Suffocation Hazard: dry ice can create an oxygen deficient environment if stored in an area with poor ventilation. • Contact Hazard: dry ice’s low temperature can cause burns similar to frostbite on human skin. MSDS for Dry Ice: http://www.airgas.com/documents/pdf/001091.pdf

13. Packaging • To prevent an unintentional release or exposure, dry ice must be packaged as follows: • In a container with sufficient insulation to not be adversely affected by the cold temperature. • In a hard walled container that will hold up to bumps, shocks, and drops and be resistant to punctures. Note: Styrofoam coolers by themselves do not constitute a sufficient hard walled container. Styrofoam coolers must be placed inside a hard walled outer container such as a cardboard box.

14. Packaging An insulated container not adversely affected by dry ice temperature. (NOT sufficient packaging by itself). An insulated container not adversely affected by dry ice temperature inside of a hard walled container. (Sufficient packaging)

15. Packaging • Secure your items inside the package so that they will not move around if the dry ice sublimates completely. Foam bracings, packing peanuts, crumbled newspaper, and bubble wrap are a few options. Another option is to tape your item to an inside wall of the package. • To make the dry ice last longer fill any empty space inside the box with crumbled paper or packing peanuts. • The maximum amount of dry ice allowed in a single container is 200 kg.

16. Packaging • A package containing dry ice must permit the release of CO2 vapors. Failure to do so can result in a violent rupture. • To ensure vapors can escape, do not seal the lid of the inner Styrofoam container. • Tape only the center where the flaps meet on top of the box.

17. Marking and Labeling • Every package containing dry ice must have a Class 9 Miscellaneous hazard label (minimum size 4 in x 4 in): For a .pdf version of this label go here: http://ehs.unc.edu/ih/lab/docs/dry_ice.pdf Note: Labels must be weather resistant. If you use the paper label in the link above be sure to completely cover it with clear packing tape when you attach it to the box.

18. Effective October 1, 2014 Per the DOT regulations, Class 9 hazard labels with the horizontal line the will no longer be accepted.

19. Marking and Labeling • Every dry ice package must have one of the following markings adjacent to the Class 9 label: Carbon dioxide, solid, UN1845 (net weight of dry ice)KG Or Dry Ice, UN1845 __(net weight of dry ice )_ KG

20. Marking and Labeling • Every dry ice package must display the name, address, and phone number of both the sender and receiver of the package. • Use arrows on two opposite sides to indicate the proper package orientation (only required for liquid items).

21. Marking and Labeling • The class 9 label, sender and receiver information, and Dry Ice, UN1845 ___ kg markings should be on the same vertical side of the box. • Do not put these markings on the top or bottom of the package. • The label must not overlap other required markings and must not wrap around to another side of the box (any portion of the label). Label must not cover any required markings Label must not wrap around to another side of the box

22. Documentation • You must indicate on the air waybill / shipping paper that your package contains dry ice. For most carriers this involves simply checking a box and entering the net weight of the dry ice.

23. Documentation • If you are filling out a shipping paper without a dry ice check box you need to write the following in the Description of Goods section: Dry Ice,9,UN1845 (# of packages) x_(net weight in kg) • If you are unsure check with the carrier or contact EHS to determine if you have marked the shipping paper correctly.

24. Record Keeping • Keep a record of all shipments from your facility for 2 years (domestic shipments) or 5 years (international shipments). • Records should include at minimum a copy of the air waybill/shipping paper, a list of package contents, and a note of who prepared the package if it is different than the name on the shipping paper. • International shipments must include copies of all paperwork associated with the shipment including commercial invoices and other customs documentation.

25. Emergency Response • Review your lab safety plan and the EHS lab safety manual (http://ehs.unc.edu/manuals/laboratory/) for safety information specific to your lab. • Never touch pellets or blocks of dry ice bare handed. Use gloves or mechanical means (scoop, broom and pan) to clean up spilled or dropped dry ice. • Never store dry ice in a poorly ventilated room as this will create an oxygen deficient environment. • Never store dry ice in an air tight container as this will create an explosion hazard.

26. Emergency Response Important points to consider when receiving a damaged shipment How do you know that a package contains hazardous materials? Look for the red hatch marks on paperwork, UN # and diamond shaped labels on box. • A damaged package may be crushed or leaking. • Do not sign for packages without seeing them • Inspect package before signing • Do not accept a package that is damaged • Packages are the responsibility of the Shipper until accepted by recipient • If the package is damaged or leaking offer assistance in cleaning up the spill (call EHS). The carrier should be prepared to deal with the spill.

27. Emergency Response Emergency Response for Damaged Package or Spill on Campus • In a laboratory setting it is expected that staff are prepared to cope with a spill. • All labs should have an emergency spill kit on hand and train all personnel in appropriate emergency response. • Isolate spill or leak area immediately in all directions. • Keep unauthorized personnel away. • Obtain the identity of the substance involved if possible and report spill to appropriate authorities. • Do not touch or walk through spilled material. • Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. If you need to, call EHS (962 - 5507) to help with spill clean up.

28. Emergency Response Emergency Response for Damaged Package or Spill on Campus • Be very careful to avoid contact with broken glass or sharp objects that may cause cuts or abrasions that could significantly increase the risk of exposure. • Damaged packages containing dry ice as a refrigerant may produce water or frost from condensation of air. Do not touch this liquid as it could be contaminated by the contents of the package.

29. Emergency Response Emergency Response for Damaged Package or Spill on Campus • Absorb spilled materials with earth, sand or other non-combustible material while avoiding direct contact. • Evaluate potential personal exposure. • Contact UNC Employee Occupational Health Clinic (966-9119) for post exposure follow-up.

30. Security Plan • If you ship dangerous goods you should adopt, implement and comply with a security plan that addresses the elements specified in section 1.6.3.2 of the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations • Labs need to take specific action in order to provide security against theft of highly hazardous materials, and to ensure compliance with new regulations. • EHS urges each lab/clinic to review and develop procedures to ensure the security of hazardous materials in your area.

31. Security Plan • You may already implement the necessary security measures such as: • Locking up controlled substances, syringes, and needles • Securing radioactive material • An easy way to increase laboratory security is to lock the lab whenever it is left unattended • Keep records of hazardous materials or types of hazardsou materials transported • Review how you store your hazardous materials • Put in place procedures for reporting and dealing with security threats, breaches of security, or security incidents

32. Security Plan • You should control access to areas where hazardous chemicals are used and stored. • Lock freezers, refrigerators where biological agents, hazardous chemicals or radioactive materials are stored in common areas. • Approach anyone you don't recognize who appear to be wandering in lab areas. • Assign security responsibility to one employee in your lab. Give them appropriate authority to carry out their responsibilities.

33. Security Plan • Use a log book to sign highly hazardous materials in and out of secure storage. • Take a periodic inventory of highly hazardous chemicals, biological agents/toxins, radioactive material and controlled substances. • This could be as simple as frequently looking at your chemical containers to make sure none are missing. • Track the use and disposal of hazardous materials. Report any missing inventory to Public Safety or EHS. • Know what materials are being ordered and being brought into the laboratory. • Consider having all lab staff wear identification badges.

34. Additional Resources • Contacts for Dry Ice packaging materials • SAF-T-PAKEdmonton, Alberto, Canada800-814-7480www.saftpak.com • CARGOpak, Corp.Raleigh, NC800-266-0652www.cargopak.com • Fisher Scientific800-766-7000www.fishersci.com • Additional shipping resources at UNC-Chapel Hill: • UNC EHS Shipping web page: http://ehs.unc.edu/ih/lab/shipping.shtml • UNC Export Control web page: http://www.unc.edu/campus/Export_Control/index.html

35. Checklist for shipments containing dry ice _____ Total quantity per package is 200 kg or less _____ Package in contact with dry ice is sufficiently insulated _____ outer package is hard walled (ie: cardboard not styrofoam) _____ Package is vented or able to permit release of Carbon Dioxide gas and to prevent pressure build up _____ Material inside the outer package is secured so that it will not shift once dry ice dissipates _____ Outside of box marked UN1845, Carbon dioxide, solid and Net Weight of dry ice _____ Class 9 label on outside of box _____ name address and phone number of sender and receiver on the outside of the box If the material you are shipping qualifies as a dangerous good you must meet the packing requirements for that item IN ADDITION to these requirements for dry ice.

36. Summary • This training certifies you to ship non-hazardous items on dry ice. If the item you wish to ship is considered hazardous contact EHS for further instruction. • Dry ice may present an explosion, suffocation, or burn hazard – use caution when handling dry ice and always do so in a well ventilated area. Never store dry ice in an air tight container. • Protect yourself, your coworkers, and the public by following the procedures in this training for shipping packages containing dry ice. • Hazard communication is fundamental (proper labeling and documentation) • Contact your carrier for specific information regarding shipping packages with dry ice. All destinations may not be served. • When in doubt ask for assistance - Call EHS (962 – 5507) In order to receive credit for this training, you must complete the post-test