Tobacco

1. Tobacco In this chapter, you will Learn About… • How the substances in tobacco affect the body. • The illnesses that can damage the respiratory system. • Why people become addicted to tobacco and why teens begin using tobacco. • Benefits of avoiding tobacco use.

2. What Tobacco Does to the Body In this lesson, you will Learn About… • The substances in tobacco that cause health problems. • Why all forms of tobacco are harmful to health. • How tobacco affects various parts of the body.

3. What Tobacco Does to the Body The Vocabularyterms in this lesson are: • Nicotine. • Tar. • Carbon monoxide. • Alveoli. • Emphysema.

4. The Facts About Tobacco A single puff of tobacco smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals. • Almost all of these chemicals prevent the body from functioning the way it should. • At least 43 of these chemicals cause cancer. In the United States, more than 400,000 people die each year because of smoke-related illnesses.

5. What Is in Tobacco? Tobacco contains three substances that are especially harmful to health: • Nicotine, a drug that makes tobacco users crave even more nicotine • Tar, a liquid that coats the lining of the lungs and causes diseases • Carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas produced when tobacco burns

6. Carbon monoxideprevents the body from getting all the oxygen it needs. Cyanide is a deadly poison. Methanol, a poisonous liquid alcohol, is known to cause blindness. Tarforms a sticky coating on the tubes and air sacs inside the lungs. Formaldehydeis an irritating, acidic gas used in laboratory disinfectants and preservatives. Nicotine speeds the heartbeat, raises blood pressure, increases the craving for tobacco, and causes dizziness and upset stomach. Harmful Substances in Tobacco Smoke

7. Forms of Tobacco Tobacco products can be smoked, chewed, or inhaled. • Products that are smoked: • Cigarettes • Cigars and pipes • Smokeless products: • Chewing tobacco • Snuff

8. Cigarettes Cigarettes are made from shredded tobacco leaves. Filters in cigarettes reduce the amount of nicotine and tar in cigarette smoke. Filters, however, do not decrease the harmful chemicals passing through a smoker’s lungs.

9. Cigars and Pipes Shredded tobacco leaves are also used in cigars and pipes. Dangers of using cigars or pipes: • Cigar smoke contains 25 times more carbon monoxide and up to 400 times more nicotine than cigarette smoke. • Cigar and pipe smokers are more likely to develop cancers of the lip, mouth, and tongue than nonsmokers.

10. Smokeless Tobacco Smokeless tobacco, such as chewing tobacco and snuff, is placed in the mouth or inhaled rather than smoked. The nicotine in smokeless tobacco is just as harmful and addictive as that in cigarettes. 8 dips/day is like smoking 30 cigarettes

11. Smokeless Tobacco (cont’d.) Users of smokeless tobacco: • Face a higher risk of developing cancers of mouth, esophagus, larynx, and pancreas than tobacco users. • Can also develop gum diseases and stomach ulcers.

12. Respiratory System Tobacco smoke damages the alveoli. This damage may lead to emphysema. Smokers are also between 12 and 22 times more likely than nonsmokers to develop lung cancer. How Tobacco Harms the Body Digestive System All forms of tobacco increase the risk of cavities and gum disease. Tobacco use is linked to cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, and pancreas. Circulatory System Tobacco use is linked to heart disease. Excretory System Smokers have at least twice the risk of developing bladder cancer as nonsmokers. Smokeless tobacco can also put users at risk of developing bladder cancer. Nervous System Tobacco use reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain, which can lead to a stroke.

13. Regulating the Tobacco Industry To control health hazards caused by tobacco, the federal government has passed the following regulations: • Cigarette packs must feature warnings on the health risks of smoking. • Cigarette ads are banned from radio and television. • It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under age 18; in some states, the age is even higher.

14. Reviewing Terms and Facts Nicotine • _______ is an addictive drug found in tobacco.

15. Reviewing Terms and Facts • Name four substances in tobacco smoke that are harmful to the body. • Nicotine • Methanol • Tar • Cyanide • Carbon monoxide • Formaldehyde

16. Thinking Critically • What might you say to persuade a friend to quit chewing tobacco?

17. Vocabulary Review Nicotine is an addictive drug found in tobacco.

18. Vocabulary Review Tar is a thick, dark liquid that forms when tobacco burns.

19. Vocabulary Review Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas produced when tobacco burns.

20. Vocabulary Review Alveoli are fragile, elastic, microscopic air sacs in the lungs where carbon monoxide from body cells and fresh oxygen from the air are exchanged.

21. Vocabulary Review Emphysema is a disease that destroys alveoli.

22. Fold the sheet of notebook paper in half along the long axis. On the top layer, cut every third line. This will form 10 tabs.

23. Label the tabs as shown. Define key terms and record facts about tobacco’s effects on the body.

24. Assess your ability to separate the facts about tobacco from the myths. Take the Health Inventory for Chapter 10 at http://www.glencoe.com/qe/qe65.php?qi=1686