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Understanding the Civil War: Border States and the Initial Conflict

This lesson explores the role of border states during the Civil War's inception. Students will learn how states chose sides—either joining the Confederacy or remaining with the Union—after the outbreak of hostilities in 1861. Key figures and events, such as Lincoln's election, the attack on Fort Sumter, and the secession timeline, are covered to illustrate the evolving allegiances. By the end, students will articulate the factors influencing border states' decisions and measure their grasp of the crucial historical context with 80% accuracy.

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Understanding the Civil War: Border States and the Initial Conflict

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  1. Bell-work #1 Update TOC: 4/14 Civil War LGS 98 4/14 Civil War SPC 99 4/14 War Starts Cornell 100 EQ: What is a border state?

  2. Objective and Scales: • Students will be able to describe how US states took sides in the beginning with either the Confederacy or the Union in the Civil War with 80% accuracy • Where does today’s objective fit into the Learning Goal Scale? • Objective A • How do you reach MASTERY or SCALE EVEREST for objective A? • TOC pg. War Begins Cornell

  3. 1. How did the war begin? • In February of 1861; after Lincoln is elected, 7 southern states secede creating the Confederate States of American and elect Jefferson Davis as their president • The war officially begins in April 12th of 1861 when the South attacks Ft. Sumter (S.C) soon after Lincoln’s inauguration. (He knew they would) • We can no longer ignore the tensions, sectionalism has torn apart the nation and now border states must choose a side!

  4. 2. Vocabulary and VIPS • Border State-slave states that did not secede from the Union • Neutral-Not favoring either side • Jefferson Davis-President of the Confederacy from Mississippi • Rebellion-an attempt to overthrow a government or resistance against a government

  5. 3. How did states chose? • Two days after the Union lost Fort Sumter, President Lincoln declared a state of rebellion in the South • He asked for states to raise troops to help put the rebellion down • Across the North, young men volunteered…like a lot…75,000 • Support was so strong that governors of Ohio, Indiana, and several states begged to send more troops • Boys as young as 13 volunteered

  6. 4. Why do more states secede? • Many states were unhappy with Lincoln requesting troops (tyrant?) • Tennessee’s governor refused to send a single man • The President’s call for troops led more southern states to secede • Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina seceded. • However, the western counties of Virginia ( little support for slavery) refused to secede • In 1863, these 50 counties admitted to the Union and became the state of West Virginia

  7. 5. Secession Timeline • South Carolina - December 20, 1860 • Mississippi - January 9, 1861 • Florida - January 10, 1861 • Alabama - January 11, 1861 • Georgia - January 19, 1861 • Louisiana - January 26, 1861 • Texas - February 1, 1861 • Virginia - April 17, 1861 • Arkansas - May 6, 1861 • North Carolina - May 20, 1861 • Tennessee - June 8, 1861

  8. 6. Border States • Loyalties were divided among the border states • Delaware had a few slaves, but loyal to the Union • However, many people in Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland favored the South • More importantly the states of Kentucky and Missouri were important for controlling the Ohio and Miss. Rivers • At first, KY declared itself neutral…but when Confederate forces charged into the state…they decided to side with the Union. • Following, when Lincoln occupied Missouri and Maryland with US troops, Missouri sided with the Union (why?) • Southern sympathizers destroyed railroad and telegraph lines in Maryland so Lincoln placed eastern Maryland under marital law • http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/civil-war-begins-northern-and-southern-advantages-compared.html

  9. Summary and Progress Charts • Explain how the border states sided in the war and why • Complete progress chart for objective A

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