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Metropolitan Mobility in Spain- Are we tending towards sustainability?

Metropolitan Mobility in Spain- Are we tending towards sustainability?. Ana María Pardeiro Pedro J Pérez-Martínez. Metropolitan Mobility in Spain Objectives.

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Metropolitan Mobility in Spain- Are we tending towards sustainability?

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  1. Metropolitan Mobility in Spain- Are we tending towards sustainability? Ana María Pardeiro Pedro J Pérez-Martínez

  2. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainObjectives • To set the basis for the MTAs to improve operation of their public transport system, and thus increasing their contribution towards sustainable mobility • To describe the role of MTAs in achieving and attractive and quality transport system highlighting the main initiatives developed by the metropolitan areas • To monitor public transport supply and demand • To analyze the resources devoted to public transport system describing the financial models used • To highlight the main initiatives and innovations developed by Metropolitan areas

  3. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainDevelopment of a data set of Indicators • Undertake ongoing monitoring and evaluation of current transportation policies • Compare data from municipalities facing the same challenges • Identify good practises and strategies to be followed • Strength the information, participation and decision-making process • Data homogenization • Collecting of information by Transport Authorities • Priorize indicators for all metropolitan areas and for each report in order to analize trends

  4. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainIndicators • GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT METROPOLITAN AREAS • Basic data of Metropolitan Areas • Modal split (pedestrian, car, public transport, bicycle) • PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM • Public transport demand • Public transport supply • Quality of public transport system • FINANCIAL ASPECTS • SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY • Satisfaction with public transport system • Public transport use and accesibility • Global climatic changes/ Traffic Evolution • Air quality. Accidents • INNOVATIONS • BEST PRACTICES

  5. Metropolitan Mobility in Spain, MTA Asturias Bilbao Pamplona Barcelona Madrid Valencia Alicante Sevilla Granada Cádiz Málaga

  6. Comparison with the Surface Density Nº Whole region Population GDP (m2) (inh/km2) municipalities Population Surface per cápita Alicante 405.397 355,00 1.141,96 5 24,8% 6,1% 15.137,00 Asturias 935.254 5.107,36 183,12 42 87,0% 48,2% 15.502,00 Barcelona 4.953.459 4.086,90 1.212,03 - 98,0% 52,9% 21.523,00 Bilbao 365,00 0,00 - 0,0% 16,5% 22.272,00 Cádiz 623.528 1.877,00 332,19 7 54,0% 25,2% 13.538,00 Granada 448.762 861,00 521,21 32 54,2% 6,8% 12.936,00 Madrid 5.718.942 8.028,00 712,37 179 100,0% 100,0% 24.366,00 Málaga 744.288 1.228,00 606,10 12 54,1% 16,8% 13.890,00 Pamplona 295.432 81,94 3.605,47 17 51,1% 0,8% 23.004,00 Sevilla 1.141.092 1.393,00 819,16 22 64,0% 9,9% 19.714,00 Valencia 1.664.560 1.415,00 1.176,37 60 71,7% 13,1% 18.077,00 Metropolitan Mobility in SpainBasic Data – Metropolitan areas characteristics

  7. DENSITY 18.000 16.000 14.000 URBAN AREA 12.000 METROPOLITAN AREA 10.000 inh/km2 8.000 6.000 4.000 2.000 0 Cádiz Sevilla Bilbao Málaga Madrid Alicante Asturias Valencia Granada Barcelona Pamplona Metropolitan Mobility in SpainBasic Data - Density

  8. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainBasic Data - Population

  9. Barcelona Granada Málaga Madrid Valencia Alicante Sevilla Pamplona Asturias Cádiz Metropolitan Mobility in SpainBasic Data – Motorization Index no correlation between Motorization index and GDP

  10. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainModal Split – Work Trips COMMUTING TRIPS 100% 3% 3,0% 4% 7,2% 7,9% 8,2% 13,5% 90% 26,0% 23% 24% 16,2% 31,5% 19,9% 19,4% 80% 11,5% 70% 35,6% 8,7% 11,4% 8,0% 11% 12% 60% OTHERS 27,5% WALK 50% PT 40% CAR 64,5% 63,0% 63,5% 62% 61,5% 30% 61% 50,9% 41,0% 20% 10% 0% Cádiz Bilbao Sevilla Madrid Málaga Alicante Asturias Granada Valencia Pamplona Barcelona

  11. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainModal Split – Non work trips NON-WORK TRIPS 100% 3,0% 3,2% 3,1% 5,2% 5,3% 5,1% 90% 26,0% 80% 46,0% 50,7% 45,1% 48,1% 43,7% 46,2% 70% 55,0% 57,3% 60% OTHERS WALK 50% PT 14,4% 16,9% 13,7% 25,5% 40% 18,2% CAR 74,0% 11,0% 32,7% 14,4% 30% 20% 36,8% 34,8% 34,7% 31,0% 30,6% 28,5% 23,1% 10% 16,7% 0% 0 Cádiz Bilbao Sevilla Madrid Málaga Alicante Granada Asturias Valencia Pamplona Barcelona

  12. person-km (millions) RAIL SYSTEM BUS Alicante 65,24 297,53 Barcelona 4.756,34 1.419,50 Network trips annual (millions) Madrid 6.803,50 6.034,50 RAIL SYSTEM BUS Málaga 104,96 112,44 Barcelona 517,14 320,20 Pamplona 0,00 140,90 Cádiz 3,03 5,21 Valencia 1.027,42 504,84 Granada - 39,27 Madrid 796,40 668,00 Málaga 9,73 8,85 Pamplona - 33,21 Sevilla - 101,90 Valencia 178,94 117,94 * viajes por línea Metropolitan Mobility in SpainDemand - the role of public transport The annual number of trips per habitant made by public transport modes show a big variation, ranging from 279 in Madrid to 64 in Malaga Commute railroad services have a significant weight in big cities such as Madrid and Barcelona (13 % and 18 % respectively) The metro has a very important share in those metropolitan areas where it is present (45 % total trips in Barcelona)

  13. 300 250 200 Rail vehícule-kilometer (millions) 150 Bus 100 50 0 Sevilla Madrid Alicante Asturias Valencia Granada Barcelona Pamplona Metropolitan Mobility in SpainSupply

  14. Network length Network stops Vehicle age Metro Light Rail Metro Light Rail Metro Light Rail Alicante - 12,60 13 n.d. Barcelona 86,60 - 102 - 18 - Madrid 226,70 188 10,90 Valencia 120,35 13,08 81 28 11,94 7,17 Metropolitan Mobility in SpainSupply

  15. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainSupply – Public transport density Most populated metropolitan areas present denser railroad network Railroad supply is significantly higher than bus supply

  16. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainSupply – Bus only lanes network Bus lane (km) PUBLIC TRANSPORT INTERSECTION PRIORITY . Separate Non separate - 1,90 Asturias 0 2,88 94,29 Barcelona 10 8,64 87,21 Madrid 0 6,10 Málaga - 3,36 Pamplona - - 3,10 11,20 Sevilla 0 69,40 0,50 Valencia 8 Most of the Spanish metropolitan areas have large BUS-ONLY lanes networks (small proportion separate BUS-ONLY lanes)

  17. % PRM BUSES % LOW EMISION BUSES Observations URBAN INTERURBAN URBANO INTERURBAN 100,00% [1] [1] 86% Oviedo Asturias Only Oviedo and Gijón 70,00% 50,00% 7,00% - y 0% Gijón Barcelona 60,00% n.d. 60,00% n.d. Granada 68,03% 50,60% 6,60% - Madrid 50,00% 1,00% 0,50% 1,00% Málaga 47,80% n.d. 0,00% n.d. Pamplona - - 0.52% - Sevilla 51,25% 19,35% 0.63% 0,00% Valencia Metropolitan Mobility in SpainPublic Transport Quality – Bus fleet quality Urban fleet reach higher quality levels than suburban services

  18. 2.500 2.000 1.500 VEHICLE-KM/INH 1.000 500 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 PERSON-KM/INH Metropolitan Mobility in SpainSupply vs Demand Madrid Valencia Alicante Barcelona Pamplona Málaga

  19. COVERAGE RATE (%) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% % Fare incomes/Operation cost 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Cádiz Bilbao Sevilla Madrid Málaga Granada Asturias Alicante Valencia Barcelona Pamplona Metropolitan Mobility in SpainFinancial – Coverage of operational costs (40%-90%)

  20. PUBLICITY AND OPERATIONAL % SUBSIDY OVER SUBSIDY (M€) TRANSPORT MODE OTHERS (M€) COSTS (M€) OPERATIONAL COST Asturias Bus 0,83 1,82 20,14 4,10% TMB 143,42 19,54 392,80 36,51% Barcelona FGC 49,99 8,55 102,30 48,87% Granada Urban bus 5,80 20,93 27,70% - Urban bus (EMT) 152,92 9,71 265,31 57,64% Madrid Metro 183,45 494,95 37,06% Interurban buses 3,40 0,94 240,20 1,42% Málaga Urban bus (EMT) 15,98 0,34 39,07 40,91% Pamplona Urban bus 2,68 - 15,58 17,23% Sevilla Bus 1,60 2,60 71,70 2,23% Urban bus 0,50 3,00 85,50 0,58% Interurban bus 0,20 0,00 12,20 1,64% Valencia Metro Valencia 26,08 1,72 39,62 65,83% Light Rail 0,00 0,09 9,02 0,00% Metropolitan Mobility in SpainFinancial – Subsidies and publicity (350 M€ Madrid – 221 Barcelona) Percentage of operational costs covered by subsidies and publicity

  21. PUBLIC TRANSPORT FARES (€) CAR COST (€) URBAN METROPOLITAN 1l PETROL 1h PARKING MONTLY SINGLE TICKET MONTLY TICKET 95 I.O. TICKET Asturias 0,9 1,87 0,813 Barcelona 1,05 37,65 54,2 1,65 0,8 Granada 0,9 30 30 1,2 0,836 Madrid 1 33,6 44,5 1,5 0,822 Málaga [1] 0,83 27,95 n.d. 1,2 0,8 Pamplona [1] 0,42 Sevilla [1] 0,30 - - - - [1] Valencia 0,45 1,65 0,797 Metropolitan Mobility in SpainFares Public and private transport prices (2003) Public transport fares are growing faster than petrol prices and parking rates Some of the MTAs have launched a fare integration

  22. 500 450 400 350 INFRAESTRUCTURE 300 Millons of euros ROLLING STOCK 250 442,70 430,69 200 MAINTENANCE 297,60 150 244,43 221,80 214,92 100 77,10 80,69 50 0,06 1,37 43 0 0 0 0 Cádiz Bilbao Sevilla Madrid Málaga Granada Asturias Alicante Valencia Barcelona Pamplona Metropolitan Mobility in SpainInvestments and projects The annual average investment in the public transport system (1995-2003) show significant values for all metropolitan areas considered (158 € per inhabitant in Madrid, 67 € in Barcelona, 56 € in Valencia), following a positive trend

  23. 900 800 700 2002 600 2003 500 Millions of Euros 400 300 200 100 0 Barcelona Madrid Valencia Metropolitan Mobility in SpainInvestements and projects Major investments in new public transport facilities do not seem to be translated into significant changes in modal split (investments are devoted to improvements in the existing network)

  24. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainAir Quality (concentration excesses) and other Indicators • Emission and energy consumption • (5 % avg. Growth) • (2) Pollution level (PM10, NO2) / • European Directive 1999/39/CE • (3) Emissions control measures • (4) Health and enviroment effects

  25. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainAir Quality (concentration excesses) NO2 (hourly) and PM10 (daily) concentration excesses (2003)

  26. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainInvestment and projects. Innovations LIGHT RAIL ALICANTE–EL CAMPELLO (VIII/2003)

  27. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainInvestment and projects. Innovations TRAMBAIX(2003)

  28. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainInvestment and projects. Innovations

  29. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainInvestment and projects. Innovations CONSORCIO BAHÍA DE CÁDIZ(2003)

  30. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainInvestment and projects. Innovations MADRID INTERCHANGES

  31. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainConclusions (I) • Effort to improve the infrastructure and operation of MTAs public transport systems • Coordination of all public transport modes within one integrated system to support pt share • Existing strategies seem clearly insufficient to cope with major urban challenges, environment • The sustainability is a challenge in the field of environment and car traffic • New policies should be adopted to promote public transport and non-motorised modes

  32. Metropolitan Mobility in SpainConclusions (II) • The importance of public transport is more important in the largest cities • Car ownership rates are similar in all metropolitan areas, no correlation with GDP • Buses are the most important public transport in Spain • Where Rail modes exist, their supply is major • High level of investments to improve infraestructure

  33. ¡ Thanks ! Pedro José Pérez-MartínezTransport Research Center – TRANSyT, UPME-mail: pjperez@caminos.upm.esHomepage: http://www.transyt.upm.es

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