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The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

Timeline. The European States. Enlightened Absolutism?Natural RightsCharacteristicsDeclaration of IndependenceEnlightened rulersHow they were to ruleThe Atlantic Seaboard StatesFrance: Problems of the French monarchsLouis XV (1715 ? 1774)Louis XVI (1774 ? 1792) . Louis XVI

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The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

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    1. Chapter 18 The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

    2. Timeline

    3. The European States Enlightened Absolutism? Natural Rights Characteristics Declaration of Independence Enlightened rulers How they were to rule The Atlantic Seaboard States France: Problems of the French monarchs Louis XV (1715 1774) Louis XVI (1774 1792)

    4. Great Britain: King & Parliament United Kingdom of Great Britain, 1707 The Kings Ministers Set policy and guided Parliament Parliament Makeup Parliamentary elections Hanoverians George I (r. 1714 1727) and George II (r. 1727 1760) Robert Walpole (prime minister, 1721 1742) William Pitt, the Elder (prime minister, 1757 1761) George III, (1760 1820) William Pitt, the Younger (prime minister, 1783 1801 and 1804 1806)

    5. The Decline of the Dutch Republic Economic Decline Domination of the Oligarchies Patriots and Orangists

    6. Map 18.1: Europe in 1763

    7. Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe Prussia: The Army and The Bureaucracy Frederick William I, 1713-1740 General Directory Highly efficient bureaucracy Army Junkers Frederick II, the Great, 1740-1786 Well educated Enlightenment thought Reforms: Law code, Civil liberties Socially and politically conservative Use of the army Expansion

    8. The Austrian Empire of the Hapsburgs Empress Maria Theresa, 1740-1780 Austria culturally divided Practical reforms but conservative Joseph II, 1780-1790 Reforms Abolishes serfdom New penal code Reforms overwhelming

    9. Russia Under Catherine the Great, 1762-1796 Reform Instruction, 1767 Strengthens landholders at expense of serfs Rebellion of Emelyan Pugachev, 1773-1775 Territorial Expansion

    10. The Destruction of Poland Elected King Weakness of Monarchy Destruction of the Polish State by Austria, Russia, and Prussia Three Partitions 1 = 1772 2 = 1793 3 = 1794-1795

    11. The Mediterranean World Spain Philip V (1700 -1746) Charles III (1759 1788) Portugal The Marquis of Pombal (1699 1782) The Italian States Austrian Domination

    12. The Scandinavian States Sweden Swedish nobility grew in power after the death of Charles XII in 1718 Factionalism allowed Gustavus III (1771 1792) to reassert monarchial authority Enlightened reforms Denmark Reform efforts of Christian VII (1766 1808) and John Frederick Struensee

    13. Enlightened Absolutism Revisited Only Joseph II sought radical changes based on Enlightenment ideas Political and Social Limits on Reform

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