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Understanding Waveforms and PWM in Real-Time Systems (SE-3910)

Explore the critical concepts of waveforms and pulse-width modulation (PWM) in SE-3910, Week 2 Class 2. This session covers Ohm’s Law, Kirchhoff's Current Law, and practical applications of oscilloscopes. We delve into various waveform types, including sine, square, and sawtooth, and their impact on sound and motor control. Students will also engage in hands-on exercises to manipulate LED brightness using PWM techniques, reinforcing their understanding of duty cycles and signal power calculations.

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Understanding Waveforms and PWM in Real-Time Systems (SE-3910)

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  1. SE-3910Real-time Systems • Week 2, Class 2 • Return stuff, New HW Assignment! • Quiz! (Possibly with review) • Ohm’s Law • Kirkhoff’s Current Law • Switches • Using/reading an oscilloscope • Frequency / Period • Signals • Square, Sine, Saw-tooth, Random • Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) SE-3910 - Dr. Josiah Yoder Slide style: Dr. Hornick Much Material: Dr. Schilling, Some from Dr. Hornick, etc.

  2. Waveform Terminology • Amplitude • Peak-to-peak voltage • Peak voltage (alternative defs) • Period • Frequency (review) SE-3910 - Dr. Josiah Yoder Slide style: Dr. Hornick Much Material: Dr. Schilling

  3. Sketching & Listening to Waveforms • Sine wave • Square wave • Sawtooth wave(s) • Random wave • Efffect of changing • Amplitude • Frequency • Phase (time shift) On sound! SE-3910 - Dr. Josiah Yoder Slide style: Dr. Hornick Much Material: Dr. Schilling

  4. Technical Goals • How does one control the speed of a motor? • How does one change the brightness of a light-bulb? SE-3910 - Dr. Josiah Yoder Slide style: Dr. Hornick Much Material: Dr. Schilling

  5. Pulse-Width-Modulation… in traffic SE-3910 - Dr. Josiah Yoder Slide style: Dr. Hornick Much Material: Dr. Schilling

  6. Pulse-width modulation terminology • Determine the duty cycle (D) • Multiply the duty cycle by the peak voltage (Vp) SE-3910 - Dr. Josiah Yoder Slide style: Dr. Hornick Much Material: Dr. Schilling

  7. In-class exercise • How can you control the brightness of an LED, using tools we have discussed so far? • How would you accomplish this if you went into lab right now? SE-3910 - Dr. Josiah Yoder Slide style: Dr. Hornick Much Material: Dr. Schilling

  8. Advantages of Pulse-Width Modulation • Click to add text SE-3910 - Dr. Josiah Yoder Slide style: Dr. Hornick Much Material: Dr. Schilling

  9. Power of a signal (If time) • P = IV • I = V/R • P = … • Let R = 1 (Ohm) • What is the instantaneous power of a sinusoid? • What is the average power of a sinusoid? • What is the average power of a PWM signal? SE-3910 - Dr. Josiah Yoder Slide style: Dr. Hornick Much Material: Dr. Schilling

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