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Liquids and Solids

Liquids and Solids. Water. Objectives. Describe the structure of a water molecule. Explain the physical properties of water in terms of the intermolecular forces that exist between molecules. Calculate the amount of heat energy absorbed or released when a quantity of water changes state.

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Liquids and Solids

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  1. Liquids and Solids Water

  2. Objectives • Describe the structure of a water molecule. • Explain the physical properties of water in terms of the intermolecular forces that exist between molecules. • Calculate the amount of heat energy absorbed or released when a quantity of water changes state.

  3. Structure of Water • Polar bonds • sp3 hybridization • 105o bond angle • Hydrogen bonding

  4. Structure of Water Solid Liquid

  5. Structure of Water

  6. Physical Properties of Water • Water has a high melting (0oC) and boiling point (100oC)

  7. Physical Properties of Water • Water has a high specific heat. • It can absorb or release large amounts of energy without its temperature changing significantly

  8. Physical Properties of Water • Water has a high heat of vaporization.

  9. Physical Properties of Water • Liquid water becomes less dense as it warms. • Ice is less dense than liquid water.

  10. Phase Changes Molar Heat of Fusion 6.01 KJ/mol Molar Heat of Vaporization 40.79 KJ/mol

  11. Heat Calculations • What quantity of heat is released when 506 g of liquid water freezes? 2. What mass of steam is required to release 4.97 x 105 KJ of heat energy on condensation?

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