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Understanding Enzyme Mechanisms and Hemoglobin Function in Biochemistry

This document explores essential concepts in biochemistry, focusing on enzyme mechanics and the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport. It highlights the catalytic triad involved in enzyme function, analyzes factors influencing enzyme activity, and introduces the principles of antibody production. Additionally, it discusses glycosylation and the dynamic response of muscle and lung tissues to oxygen levels. The content draws on various authoritative sources, providing a comprehensive overview for students and researchers in the field.

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Understanding Enzyme Mechanisms and Hemoglobin Function in Biochemistry

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  1. L-Form Amino Acid - COO sp3 + a H N 3 H 酸基 胺基 H = Glycine R group CH3 = Alanine Juang RH (2005) BCbasics

  2. 新的 Ile16 N-端可穩定 Asp194 I16 D194 S195 Adapted from Dressler & Potter (1991) Discovering Enzymes, p.206 Catalytic Triad Gly 193 His 57 Ser 195 Asp 194 Asp 102 +NH3 Ile 16 Nelson & Cox (2000) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (3e) p.112

  3. ESI-MS/MS can analyze smaller fragments Detector Source Analyzer LC ESI MS/MS + + + + + + + + - + + + LC + + + + + + + + + (or Ion-trap, Q-TOF) Quadrupole 四極棒 ElectroSpray Ionization - high voltage needle solvated ions desolvated ions Triple Quadrupole 也可以加上 TOF 鈍氣轟炸 + Q3 挑選片段 更小片段 q2 Adapted from Liebler (2002) Introduction to Proteomics, p.68 ,70 Q1 繼續分析

  4. 不同酵素可能採取類似的催化機制 O- C Sesame Triad ←有用的組合 ↙有趣的組合 Hi, Everybody! Juang RH (2005) BCbasics

  5. 由基本粒子到原子 + n + 原子核 電子 夸克 原子 由原子核與電子組成 - 原子核 由質子和中子組成 中子 - 基本粒子 u 質子 u d 質子和中子各由三個夸克組成 取材自牛頓雜誌(1991) 第 93 期, p.103

  6. 血中氧分子的運送 Lung 動脈 Muscle 靜脈 任何一個次体接受氧分子後，會增進其它次体吸附氧分子的能力 (R) relaxed state 氧 分 子 環境氧濃度高時 Hb 快速吸收氧分子 環境氧濃度低時 Hb 迅速釋出氧分子 (T) tense state Hemoglobin Myoglobin Juang RH (2004) BCbasics

  7. Antibody production 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 1 m 3 m 2 m 4 m 抗 原 取出脾細胞 免 疫 + 癌細胞 1 2 3 4 1 細胞融合 3 2 B 細胞 x 4 1 2 3 4 單株抗體 傳統抗血清 各抗體分開 所有抗體混合 Adapted from Milstein (1980) Scientific American, Oct. p.58

  8. 提高基質濃度增強酵素活性表現 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 80 60 40 20 0 生 成 物 濃 度 0 2 4 6 8 基質濃度 mmole S + E ↓ P (在固定時間內反應) Juang RH (2004) BCbasics

  9. Cooling Water Power supply 100~150 V ■ 直 立 式 電 泳 裝 置 - + Upper chamber Stacking Gel Lower chamber Running Gel + The vertical rod gel is the prototype of modern electrophoresis Juang RH (2005) EPA

  10. 細胞對血中葡萄糖濃度反應迅速 0 2 4 6 8 Time (min) Glycogen phosphorylase Glycogen synthase 葡萄糖 Enzyme activity 不是基因層次的控制 反應非常迅速 → Adapted from Stryer (1995) Biochemistry (4e) p.597

  11. 氦 He2 n + + n 氫 H1 Juang RH (2006) BCbasics

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