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Evaluating Psychological Experiments and Observations (D1)

Evaluating Psychological Experiments and Observations (D1). Validity Andro/Gyno/Ethno-centricity Reliability Ethics Dependent & Independent Variables Animal Experimentation. Validity – Does the experiment measure what it set out to measure?. I want to measure the motivation of my students.

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Evaluating Psychological Experiments and Observations (D1)

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  1. Evaluating Psychological Experiments and Observations (D1) • Validity • Andro/Gyno/Ethno-centricity • Reliability • Ethics • Dependent & Independent Variables • Animal Experimentation

  2. Validity – Does the experiment measure what it set out to measure? • I want to measure the motivation of my students. • I decide to do this by measuring their punctuality, (with the hypothesis being that if they are late they are not very motivated). • What about if some students are late because of a poor bus service? That means I am actually measuring the effectiveness of the bus service rather than student motivation. This experiment would therefore LACK validity.

  3. Andro/Gyno/Ethno-centricity Androcentric – the experiment is centred on men to the exclusion of women Gynocentric – the experiment is centred on women to the exclusion of men Ethnocentric – the experiment is centred on one ethnicity to the exclusion of all other ethnicities

  4. Reliability – If you completed the experiment again would you get similar results? Suppose I conducted the experiment on student motivation, but just used your class as the subjects… • There are no male subjects, so the experiment would be gynocentric which questions whether you can apply the results to men. • You are all white subjects from broadly the same area, so the experiment is ethnocentric which questions whether you can apply the results to other cultures, cities or ethnicities • There are only 8 of you, so would you be able to apply the results to the rest of Britain, the world? Does this experiment have reliability?

  5. Ethical - Being in accordance with the accepted principles of right and wrong that govern the conduct of a profession • Is the experiment ethical? • Does it leave people feeling upset or angry or humiliated? • Are they lied to or deceived? • Does it cause them pain?

  6. Dependent & Independent Variables • A DV is the thing in an experiment which is effected by something. • An IV is the thing that you would expect to effect the DV. In Bowlby’s ‘Thieves’ experiment, the DV is the delinquent children. The IV is maternal separation. Bowlby’s hypothesis was: DV + IV = Criminal Behaviour (or)Delinquent Child + Maternal Separation = Criminal Behaviour

  7. Dependent & Independent Variables • What happens if there are no DVs or IVs? (Case Study) • How RELIABLE are case studies? • How much can you learn from a case study? • Is a case study qualitative or quantitative? • There are often ethical considerations around case studies. What can you learn about language acquisition from the case study of Oxana Malaya?

  8. Animal Experimentation • Was the experiment performed on animals? If yes, how far can you apply the results to humans? • Pavlov performed his experiments on classical conditioning on dogs. Do you think you can transfer the results to humans? Can humans be classically conditioned?

  9. Choose either Rutter, Robertson, Harlow, Koluchuva or Bowlby and create a poster to evaluate whether their experiment/study is valid, reliable & ethical.

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