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Newborn Nutrition

Newborn Nutrition. Dr. Twila Brown. Newborns’ Nutritional Needs. Calorie requirements 105 to 108 kcal/kg/day Fluid requirements 140 to 160 mL/kg/day Weight Breast fed gain birth weight by 14 days Gain 15 grams or 0.5 ounce per day Formula fed gain birth weight by 10 days

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Newborn Nutrition

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  1. Newborn Nutrition Dr. Twila Brown

  2. Newborns’ Nutritional Needs • Calorie requirements • 105 to 108 kcal/kg/day • Fluid requirements • 140 to 160 mL/kg/day • Weight • Breast fed gain birth weight by 14 days • Gain 15 grams or 0.5 ounce per day • Formula fed gain birth weight by 10 days • Gain 30 grams or 1 ounce per day

  3. Stages of Breast Milk • Colostrum • More protein, fat-soluble vitamins, and minerals • Immunoglobulins for passive immunity • Transitional milk • More fat, lactose, water-soluble vitamins, calories • Mature milk • Foremilk: high in water, vitamins, protein • Hindmilk: higher fat concentration

  4. Breast Milk Advantages and Disadvantages • Recommended for first 6 to 12 months • Immunologic • Inhibit growth of bacteria and viruses • Decreases incidences of allergies • Nutritional • Facilitates digestion and absorption • Composition varies with gestational age • Iron better absorbed and adequate until 6 mos • Lower renal solute level

  5. Breast Milk Advantages and Disadvantages • Psychosocial • Maternal/infant bonding • Less expensive than formula • Pumping when mother is not available • Storage concerns: Room air, 6 hrs; refrigerator, 24 hrs; freezer, 6 mos • Contraindications • Breast cancer, HIV, AIDS, Medications

  6. Formula • No cow’s milk until after 1st year • Types • Cow’s milk protein or soy-protein • 20 kcal/oz (24 kcal/oz) • Preparation • Ready to feed, liquid concentrate, powder • Dilution • Storage

  7. Feeding Schedule • Initial Feeding • Signs of feeding readiness • Assess suck/swallow/breathing pattern • Assess for gagging and respiratory distress • Colostrum is not irritating if aspirated • On demand schedule • Feeding cues • Breast feed 8-12 times per 24 hrs • Formula feed 6-8 times per 24 hrs

  8. Breastfeeding Techniques • Physiology • Supply and demand • Oxytocin stimulates let-down reflex • Position baby • Baby’s body facing mom • Nose at breast with body in alignment • Latching on • Stimulate wide open mouth • Take in entire nipple with areola at gums • Prevent sore nipples

  9. Breastfeeding Techniques • Feeding • Hear swallowing, see milk at mouth • Empty each breast • Break suction • Alternate breast and change baby’s position • Warm stored milk with warm water • Avoid supplemental feedings • Avoid pacifiers/different nipples • Elimination • 6-8 wet diapers and several stools per day

  10. Bottle feeding • Hold baby for all feedings • Head elevated • Formula/milk in nipple • Newborn: 1-3 oz every 3-4 hrs • Birth to 2 mos: 2-4 oz at 6-8 a day • Preparation and storage • Clean bottles and water • Fresh bottle for each feeding • Use within 1 hour if not refrigerated • Prepare enough for only 24 hours

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