What features of the earth do you see in this picture??

1. What features of the earth do you see in this picture??

2. What is the burning rock called? Where does it come from?

3. What causes such an eruption of lava from the earth??

4. From this image showing lava flowing from dry land into the ocean, what do you think this chapter might be about??

5. Plate Tectonics Chapter 5

6. Section 1 Drifting Continents • Objectives: • Describe how the continents moved over the past 250 million years • Explain the evidence supporting continental drift • Make a model of the supercontinent Pangaea

7. Skills Warm-up • A puzzling World • Look at the map on the next slide and study the shapes of the continents closely. • What do you notice about the shapes of the continents on the opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean?

9. Drifting Continents • Hundreds of years ago, the 1st_________ ________ were made • People noticed that some of the continents could ___________ like ________ _________ • But if the continents were once joined, how could they have moved??

10. Theory of Continental Drift • During the 1800’s, scientists studying ______ ____ ______ found evidence that seemed to support the idea of ________ ____________ • What evidence do you think this was?

11. Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) • German _____________ • Gathered evidence and proposed the ___ ______ ___ _________ __________ • Claimed that all landmasses were once joined as a supercontinent – _____________ • Theory not accepted until the 1950’s

13. Activity • Pangaea Worksheet • Page 20 of Integrated Resource Book

15. The Breakup of Pangaea • Scientists have collected large amounts of _______ on how the continents _______ • They have pieced together a ________ of the continents

16. The Breakup of Pangaea • ______ ________ ____ ___________________ • All of the continents were part of one ___________________ called Pangaea

17. The Breakup of Pangaea • Step 1 • ______ ________years ago (Mesozoic Era) • Pangaea began to _______ ___________ across its __________ • 2 major continents formed • __________________ (south) • __________________ (north)

18. The Breakup of Pangaea • Step 2 • _____ _________ years ago • _________________ began to break up into _________ pieces that would become • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________

19. The Breakup of Pangaea • Step 3 • ____ _________ years ago • _________ breaks apart forming landmasses that would become • ________________ • ________________ • ________________ • _________, which has been drifting north for 100 million years, collides with ________

20. The Breakup of Pangaea • Step 4 • Continents as they _________ _______ • Do you think the continents will keep moving around??

23. Activity • Watch movie “Plate Tectonics – Our Restless Planet” from Discovery Education • Write down 10 things you learned from movie and hand in at end of class

25. Activity • Continental Drift Lab • Page 29 of Laboratory Manual

27. Evidence for Continental Drift • Scientists have collected a lot of evidence supporting 2 related conclusions • 1.___________________________________________________________________________________ • 2. ____________________________________________________________________________________

29. Fossil Evidence • A _________ kind of organism or species appears on earth only in ______ _______and then _________ _____ • Animals that swim and plants with windblown seeds can spread _________ ___ _________ • But, _______ _________ can only spread out across land

30. Fossil Evidence • ___________________ found fossils of an ancient fernlike plant called _____________in • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • What can they infer from this??

31. Fossil Evidence • That all of these continents were ________________ at one time!!

32. Fossil Evidence • Fossils of several other species have a similar pattern • None of these organisms could have __________ ___ _____________ • How could they end up on different continents??

33. Fossil Evidence • Fossils of _____________, a Triassic land reptile, were found in Africa, Antarctica, and India • Fossils of _____________, a freshwater reptile, were found in Africa and South America • Fossils of _____________, a Triassic land reptile, were found in South America and Africa

35. Fossil Evidence • Fossil evidence also shows that the continents have ___________ over the earth’s surface • Fossils found in _____________ show it once was home to vast ______ _________ and _________ full of plant and animal life • How could this be??

36. Rock Evidence • There are many ___________ between the rocks and landforms of _______ and ______ _________ • If the 2 continents are fitted together, their __________ _______ ______ ____ • Also, the mountain’s rocks are similar in _____ _____ _______ • Were the 2 mountain ranges once one??

37. Activity • Watch movie “Fossils – Windows into the Past” from Discovery education” • Write down 10 fossil facts from movie and hand in at the end of class.

39. Skills Warm-up • Is it True?? • Recall a time when someone told you that something you believed to be true, really wasn’t. • How did you react? • Was your reaction similar to the way scientists reacted to Wegener’s ideas?

40. Evidence from Ancient Glaciers • ______ are huge masses of ______ that move ________ over land • During the ice ages, glaciers spread _________ _____ _____ _________ • Glaciers always move __________ _____________

43. Evidence from Ancient Glaciers • Rocks that show evidence of glaciers at the end of the _________ ______ were found in • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • How could this be if it is usually hot in these places??

44. Evidence from Ancient Glaciers • Rocks can also show the ________________ in which glaciers ________________ • Ice age glaciers seemed to travel __________ from present day ________ • This doesn’t make sense!!

45. Evidence from Ancient Glaciers • Can only be explained if the following continents were once part of the _______ _________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________

46. Activity - Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper and turn in by the end of class • 1. Which present day continents were once part of Gondwanaland? • 2. List 2 types of evidence that support the idea of continental drift. • 3. What will happen to the size of the Atlantic Ocean in the next 50 million years? • 4. If you found evidence of glaciers in areas with warm climates, what would you conclude? • 5. How does evidence of glacier movement support the idea of a single landmass?

48. Section 2 Theory of PlateTectonics • Objectives: • Describe the process of sea-floor spreading • Identify different types of plate boundaries • Explain what happens when plates come together • Infer from observation of a large surface feature what kind of plate boundary produced it

49. Skills Warm-up • Moving Plates • The word plate means “a smooth, flat, thin piece of material” • The word tectonic means “having a strong and widespread impact” • Does this give you enough information to get a good idea of what plate tectonics is all about?

50. Ocean-Floor Discoveries • 1950’s – Scientists finally got the tool they needed to study the ocean floor • _______ __________ – could bounce ________ waves off the ocean bottom • if a sound wave bounced back _________, the ocean floor was ___________ • if a sound wave took longer to bounce back, the ocean floor was __________ • This allowed them to make a map of the ______________ of the ocean floor