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Overview of the situation with industrial farming in NE Russia

Overview of the situation with industrial farming in NE Russia. Alexander Fedorov Centre for Environmental Initiatives, St.Petersburg. Agricultural production in Russia. Before and after 1990 – big differences. Russia and NW Russia – some differences. Future ~ past.

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Overview of the situation with industrial farming in NE Russia

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  1. Overview of the situation with industrial farming in NE Russia Alexander Fedorov Centre for Environmental Initiatives, St.Petersburg

  2. Agricultural production in Russia Before and after 1990 – big differences. Russia and NW Russia – some differences. Future ~ past. State Environmental Report and Regional Environmental Reports say that environmental situation ‘around’ big cattle and poultry farms is bad, but give no statistical data.

  3. Agricultural production in Russia Of the volume of total agricultural production, big industrial farms take 38 %, small private farms take 2 %, and private subsidiary plots – 60 %. In private subsidiary plots, people produce 92 % of potatoes, 78 % of vegetables, 57 % of meat and poultry, 51 % of milk, and 29 % of eggs. Private subsidiary plots occupy only 5.3 % of agricultural lands.

  4. млн. т питательных веществ (million tonnes nutrients) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 производство (production) отгрузка на внутренний рынок (homedeliveries) Production and application of fertilisers in Russia

  5. Export-import balance of P fertilisers in USSR and FSU

  6. Nutrient balance in soils of Russia - N Before 1990, N application to soil with mineral and organic fertilisers exceeded its removal (with crops, washing out, denitrification, erosion, and weeds) from soil by 65 %. This formed the storage of mineral nitrogen up to 130 kg/ha. In 1995-98, use of N fertilizers decreased drastically, and N application was 38-48 % of its removal from soils in Russia on the average, and in the NW Russia it was 69-95%.

  7. Nutrient balance in soils of Russia - P In 1986-1990, the P balance was positive for all soil types in Russia. On the average, the P removal was overcompensated by 2.5 times, i. e., the part of P-poor soils decreased. In 1995-98, application of P fertilizers decreased drastically. The P removal is reimbursed only by 44 % in Russia on the average.

  8. Nutrient balance in soils of Russia - K During the last 20 years, the K balance was very different for different soil types in Russia. For turf-podzol soils and grey forest soils, the K introduction prevailed (by 2.3 and 1.4 times, respectively). For black-earth and peanut soils the balance was negative. In the soils typical for NW Russia, the part of soils with low K content decreases (from 39 to 21 %), and the part of soils with high and very high content increases (from 12 to 21 %).

  9. Nutrient balance in soils of NW Russia - N Typical for NW Russia is very high application of N fertilizers (over 20 kg/ha). This makes the N balance positive in many parts of NW Russia: N compensation in Murmansk region is 608 %, Kaliningrad reg. - 120 %, Leningrad reg. – 118 %, Vologda reg. – 116 %, Komi Republic – 100 %. On the whole, N compensation in the NW Russia is 70 %.

  10. Nutrient balance in soils of NW Russia - P Due to low harvests, the P removal is low. However, application of P fertilizers does not cover the P2O5 spent for the harvest in Russia in general. NW Russia has high levels of P fertilisers application: P compensation in Murmansk region is 627 %, Komi Republic – 207 %, Vologda and Leningrad regs. – 170 %, Republic Karelia – 118 %, Arkhangelsk reg. – 101 %. On the whole, P compensation in the NW Russia is 75 %.

  11. Nutrient balance in soils of NW Russia – K K compensation is about 24 % over Russia. Murmansk region is the only one of the 88 subjects of the Russian Federation with positive K balance: K compensation in Murmansk region is 169 %. On the whole, K compensation in the NW Russia is 44 %. The NW Russia has the highest total introduction of nutrients (NPK) over Russia – 48 kg/ha.

  12. Production and application of fertilisers in Russia In 2005, total production of fertilizers in Russia was 16.6 mln tons (nutrients). On the average, ~ 21 kg/ha NPK is applied in Russia. Fertilizers are applied to 30 % of total crops areas. 0.9 t/ha of organic fertilizers are applied. Fertilized were 2.3 % of the total crops area. In Europe, NPK application is about, 500 kg/ha, in the USA – about 250 kg/ha, Belarus – 140 kg/ha. According to expert assessments, the Russian market will grow stably – by 15 % each year.

  13. Pesticides in Russia In Russia, over 100 different pesticides are used. The total volume of pesticides production in Russia is above 100 thous. tons. Luckily, NW Russia is not on the top of the list of pesticide applicants.

  14. Problems with pesticides in Russia Known are cases of illegal application of prohibited pesticides. ‘Medical’ applications of pesticides are classified (malaria, encephalitis). Only scarce and indirect indications are available. Problems with storages of old pesticides. Illegal trading and application of old/prohibited pesticides in personal subsidiary plots.

  15. Water in agriculture In Russia, agriculture uses 12 cub. km of water annually. 3 cub. km of polluted waters are annually released untreated from agriculture to surface water bodies.

  16. Overview of the situation with industrial farming in NE Russia Thank you for your attention! Alexander Fedorov Centre for Environmental Initiatives, St.Petersburg ceispb@gmail.com

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